The bottom blowing gas in the silicon ladle plays an essential role in the purification of industrial silicon, and nozzle arrangement has an important effect on silicon quality after refinement. In the present study, a mathematical model has been proposed to assess the transient three-dimensional and two-phase flow in rich oxygen bottom-blowing silicon ladle with a single centered and off-centered porous nozzle, respectively. The numerical simulation is performed with the multiphase flow model of volume of fluid to model gas blown through a ladle. Fluid flow characteristics and the dead zone proportion between the centered and off-centered ladle are compared. The results demonstrate that the flow performance of liquid-silicon is better, agitation kinetics are more robust, and the dead zone area is smaller in bottom blowing of the off-centered ladle than of the centered ladle, which aligns well with the results of industrial experiments. The amount of Al and Ca impurities in silicon decreases by 13.22% and 25.87%, respectively, and the impurity distribution is more uniform.

硅钢包中的底部吹入气体在工业硅的提纯中起着至关重要的作用，喷嘴布置对提纯后的硅质量具有重要影响。在本研究中，提出了一个数学模型来评估带有单个定心和偏心多孔喷嘴的富氧底吹硅钢包中的瞬态三维流和两相流。使用流体体积的多相流模型进行数值模拟，以模拟通过钢包吹出的气体。比较了中心和偏心钢包之间的流体流动特性和死区比例。结果表明，液硅的流动性能更好，搅拌动力学更稳定，偏心钢包底部吹炼的死区面积小于中心钢包，与工业实验结果吻合良好。硅中的Al和Ca杂质含量分别减少了13.22％和25.87％，并且杂质分布更加均匀。