Growth impairment is a major public health issue for children in Tanzania. The question remains as to whether dietary mycotoxins play a role in compromising children's growth. We examined children's exposures to dietary aflatoxin and fumonisin and potential impacts on growth in 114 children under 36 months of age in Haydom, Tanzania. Plasma samples collected from the children at 24 months of age (N = 60) were analyzed for aflatoxin B1-lysine (AFB1-lys) adducts, and urine samples collected between 24 and 36 months of age (N = 94) were analyzed for urinary fumonisin B1 (UFB1). Anthropometric, socioeconomic, and nutritional parameters were measured and growth parameter z-scores were calculated for each child. Seventy-two percent of the children had detectable levels of AFB1-lys, with a mean level of 5.1 (95% CI: 3.5, 6.6) pg/mg albumin; and 80% had detectable levels of UFB1, with a mean of 1.3 (95% CI: 0.8, 1.8) ng/ml. This cohort had a 75% stunting rate [height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) < -2] for children at 36 months. No associations were found between aflatoxin exposures and growth impairment as measured by stunting, underweight [weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) < -2], or wasting [weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) < -2]. However, fumonisin exposure was negatively associated with underweight (with non-detectable samples included, p = 0.0285; non-detectable samples excluded, p = 0.005) in this cohort of children. Relatively low aflatoxin exposure at 24 months was not linked with growth impairment, while fumonisin exposure at 24-36 months based on the UFB1 biomarkers may contribute to the high growth impairment rate among children of Haydom, Tanzania; which may be associated with their breast feeding and weaning practices.

中文翻译：

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坦桑尼亚农村地区有生长障碍风险的儿童接触黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素。

生长障碍是坦桑尼亚儿童面临的主要公共卫生问题。问题仍然在于饮食中的霉菌毒素是否在损害儿童的成长中发挥作用。我们检查了坦桑尼亚海顿地区114名36个月以下儿童的饮食中黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素的暴露及其对生长的潜在影响。分析从24个月大的儿童（N = 60）收集的血浆样品中的黄曲霉毒素B1-赖氨酸（AFB1-lys）加合物，并对24个月至36个月的儿童（N = 94）收集的尿液进行尿液分析伏马菌素B1（UFB1）。测量了人体测量学，社会经济和营养参数，并计算了每个孩子的生长参数z得分。有72％的儿童可检测到AFB1-lys水平，平均白蛋白水平为5.1（95％CI：3.5、6.6）pg / mg。80％的人可检测到的UFB1水平平均为1.3（95％CI：0.8，1.8）ng / ml。该队列的儿童在36个月时的发育迟缓率为75％[年龄z值高度（HAZ）<-2]。通过发育迟缓，体重不足[年龄体重z分数（WAZ）<-2]或体重减轻[体重z分数（WHZ）<-2]来衡量，黄曲霉毒素暴露与生长障碍之间没有关联。 ]。然而，在这一队列儿童中，伏马毒素的暴露与体重不足呈负相关（包括不可检测的样本，p = 0.0285；排除不可检测的样本，p = 0.005）。在24个月时相对较低的黄曲霉毒素暴露量与生长障碍无关，而基于UFB1生物标记物在24-36个月时伏马毒素的暴露量可能导致坦桑尼亚海顿儿童的高生长障碍率。