In this work, the bamboo ash fusion and sintering characteristics were studied to evaluate its potential application in combustion for the production of heat and power. Poplar and wheat straw were used in the experimental test as the reference fuels for comparison. Standard ash fusion tests and ash sintering tests were carried out at elevated temperatures. The results indicate that bamboo has a low ash melting temperature of 862 °C, much lower than that of poplar. In spite of the high K content in bamboo ash, no severe melting and sintering was observed under the temperature lower than 1000 °C. The ashes after the tests were analyzed using SEM/EDX, XRF, and XRD techniques to illustrate the ash transformation behavior. Standard ash fusion tests indicated that the melting temperatures of bamboo, wheat straw, and poplar ashes are 862 °C, 770 °C, and 1088 °C, respectively. No severe sintering can be observed for poplar due to the large existence of refractory compounds. Ash sintering occurred when the temperature is higher than 800 °C, for wheat straw, due to the formation of the low melting temperature K-rich silicate. Additionally, bamboo ash has a relatively high P content compared to that of wheat straw, which facilitates the formation of high melting temperature compounds of K–Ca/Mg phosphates. Moreover, the ash content in bamboo is low. As a conclusion, bamboo is a good quality biofuel which can be fired in biomass combustion plants without severe sintering at a temperature lower than 1000 °C.

中文翻译：

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与秸秆和杨树相比，竹子燃烧过程中的灰熔融特性和转化行为

在这项工作中，研究了竹灰的熔融和烧结特性，以评估其在燃烧中产生热能和动力的潜在应用。杨树和小麦秸秆在实验测试中用作比较的参考燃料。在升高的温度下进行标准的灰熔融试验和灰烧结试验。结果表明，竹子的灰烬熔化温度低至862°C，远低于杨树。尽管竹灰中的K含量很高，但在低于1000°C的温度下未观察到严重的熔化和烧结现象。测试后的灰烬使用SEM / EDX，XRF和XRD技术进行了分析，以说明灰分转化行为。标准灰烬熔融测试表明，竹，麦秸和白杨灰的熔融温度分别为862°C，770°C，和1088°C。由于存在大量的耐火化合物，因此未观察到杨木的严重烧结。当温度高于800°C时，对于小麦秸秆，由于形成了低熔化温度的富K硅酸盐而发生了灰烬烧结。此外，与小麦秸秆相比，竹灰具有较高的P含量，这有助于形成K-Ca / Mg磷酸盐的高熔点化合物。此外，竹子中的灰分含量低。结论是，竹子是一种高质量的生物燃料，可以在低于1000°C的温度下在没有严重烧结的情况下在生物质燃烧装置中燃烧。对于小麦秸秆，由于形成了低熔点的富含钾的硅酸盐。此外，与小麦秸秆相比，竹灰具有较高的P含量，这有助于形成K-Ca / Mg磷酸盐的高熔点化合物。此外，竹子中的灰分含量低。结论是，竹子是一种高质量的生物燃料，可以在低于1000°C的温度下在没有严重烧结的情况下在生物质燃烧装置中燃烧。对于小麦秸秆，由于形成了低熔点的富含钾的硅酸盐。此外，与小麦秸秆相比，竹灰具有较高的P含量，这有助于形成K-Ca / Mg磷酸盐的高熔点化合物。此外，竹子中的灰分含量低。结论是，竹子是一种高质量的生物燃料，可以在低于1000°C的温度下在没有严重烧结的情况下在生物质燃烧装置中燃烧。