Hyperthermia treatment induced by magnetic mesoporous glasses has been applied as a potential therapeutic approach for bone defects due to malignant tumors. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize the structural and biological properties of magnetic bioactive glasses (BGs) for producing multifunctional materials. The effect of the addition of copper (Cu) to the bioactive glass composition was also evaluated. Fe BG and FeCu BG as magnetic mesoporous BGs, and Cu BG as mesoporous BG were synthesized and dried by template sol–gel method. Then the synthesized bioglasses were characterized and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive electron disperse spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). In addition, the antibacterial behavior, cytotoxicity assay (MTT test), proliferation assay of HUVEC cell assay, and bioactivity (ALP activity test) of the synthesized BGs were evaluated. The characterization results exhibited that the synthesized powders formed mesoporous glasses with nanoparticle morphology, good surface area, and magnetic properties. The synthesized BGs also demonstrated suitable biological behavior. The magnetic saturation of bioactive glasses was increased by the addition of copper oxide. A two-phase structure was observed for the magnetic glasses compared to the copper-containing glasses, thus making them suitable for drug delivery systems. The antibacterial behavior was found to be better for the Cu BG and Fe BG compared to the FeCu BG. However, the least amount of cytotoxicity was observed for the Fe BG and FeCu BG, compared to the Cu BG. In addition, the Fe-containing BGs compared with the control group showed a lack of HUVEC cell proliferation and angiogenesis motivation. From the ALP assay, higher bioactivity for the magnetic bioglasses in the presence of mesenchymal cells was found. From the results of this in vitro study, the Cu-containing magnetic bioglass (FeCu BG) could be considered as a new generation of magnetic glasses for inducing hyperthermia in treatment of bone defects due to malignant tumors. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm their applications in healing of bone defects and tissue engineering.

中文翻译：

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含铜磁性生物活性玻璃用于骨骼缺损热疗的合成，表征和体外生物学评价

由磁介孔玻璃引起的热疗已被用作治疗由于恶性肿瘤引起的骨缺损的潜在治疗方法。这项研究的目的是合成和表征用于生产多功能材料的磁性生物活性玻璃（BG）的结构和生物学特性。还评估了向生物活性玻璃组合物中添加铜（Cu）的效果。通过模板溶胶-凝胶法合成并干燥了Fe BG和FeCu BG作为磁性介孔BG，以及Cu BG作为介孔BG。然后使用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM），能量色散电子分散光谱（EDS）对合成的生物玻璃进行表征和分析 Brunauer–Emmett–Teller（BET）和振动样品磁力计（VSM）。另外，对合成的BG的抗菌性能，细胞毒性测定（MTT试验），HUVEC细胞增殖测定以及生物活性（ALP活性试验）进行了评价。表征结果表明，所合成的粉末形成了具有纳米颗粒形态，良好的表面积和磁性的介孔玻璃。合成的BGs还显示出合适的生物学行为。通过添加氧化铜可以提高生物活性玻璃的磁饱和度。与含铜玻璃相比，磁性玻璃具有两相结构，因此使其适用于药物输送系统。发现与FeCu BG相比，Cu BG和Fe BG的抗菌性能更好。然而，与铜BG相比，Fe BG和FeCu BG的细胞毒性最小。另外，与对照组相比，含铁的BGs显示缺乏HUVEC细胞增殖和血管生成动机。通过ALP测定，发现在存在间充质细胞的情况下磁性生物玻璃具有更高的生物活性。从这项体外研究的结果来看，含铜的磁性生物玻璃（FeCu BG）可以被认为是诱导高热治疗恶性肿瘤骨缺损的新一代磁性玻璃。但是，需要进一步的体外和体内研究以证实其在骨缺损愈合和组织工程中的应用。与对照组相比，含铁的BGs缺乏HUVEC细胞增殖和血管生成的动力。通过ALP测定，发现在存在间充质细胞的情况下磁性生物玻璃具有更高的生物活性。从这项体外研究的结果来看，含铜的磁性生物玻璃（FeCu BG）可以被认为是诱导高热治疗恶性肿瘤骨缺损的新一代磁性玻璃。但是，需要进一步的体外和体内研究以证实其在骨缺损愈合和组织工程中的应用。与对照组相比，含铁的BGs缺乏HUVEC细胞增殖和血管生成的动力。通过ALP测定，发现在存在间充质细胞的情况下磁性生物玻璃具有更高的生物活性。从这项体外研究的结果来看，含铜的磁性生物玻璃（FeCu BG）可以被认为是诱导高热治疗恶性肿瘤骨缺损的新一代磁性玻璃。但是，需要进一步的体外和体内研究以证实其在骨缺损愈合和组织工程中的应用。含铜的磁性生物玻璃（FeCu BG）可以被认为是诱导高热治疗恶性肿瘤骨缺损的新一代磁性玻璃。但是，需要进一步的体外和体内研究以证实其在骨缺损愈合和组织工程中的应用。含铜的磁性生物玻璃（FeCu BG）可以被认为是诱导高热治疗恶性肿瘤骨缺损的新一代磁性玻璃。但是，需要进一步的体外和体内研究以证实其在骨缺损愈合和组织工程中的应用。