The suppression effect of graphene in the fire hazards and smoke toxicity of polymer composites has been seriously limited by both mass production and weak interfacial interaction. Though the electrochemical preparation provides an available approach for mass production, exfoliated graphene could not strongly bond with polar polymer chains. Herein, mussel-inspired functionalization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene was successfully processed and added into polar thermoplastic polyurethane matrix (TPU). As confirmed by SEM patterns of fracture surface, functionalized graphene possessing abundant hydroxyl could constitute a forceful chains interaction with TPU. By the incorporation of 2.0 wt % f-GNS, peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), specific extinction area (SEA), as well as smoke produce rate (SPR) of TPU composites were approximately decreased by 59.4 %, 27.1 %, 31.9 %, and 26.7 %, respectively. A probable mechanism of fire retardant was hypothesized: well-dispersed f-GNS constituted tortuous path and hindered the exchange process of degradation product with barrier function. Large quantities of degradation product gathered round f-GNS and reacted with flame retardant to produce the cross-linked and high-degree graphited residual char. The simple functionalization for electrochemically exfoliated graphene impels the application of graphene in the fields of flame retardant composites.

石墨烯在聚合物复合材料的火灾隐患和烟气毒性中的抑制作用已受到批量生产和弱界面相互作用的严重限制。尽管电化学制备为大规模生产提供了一种可行的方法，但剥落的石墨烯无法与极性聚合物链牢固结合。在这里，贻贝启发的电化学剥离的石墨烯的功能化已成功加工并添加到极性热塑性聚氨酯基体（TPU）中。如断裂表面的SEM图所证实，具有丰富羟基的官能化石墨烯可与TPU构成强链相互作用。通过掺入2.0 wt％的f-GNS，峰值放热率（pHRR），总放热（THR），比消光面积（SEA），TPU复合材料的烟气生成率（SPR）分别降低了约59.4％，烟气生成率（SPR）分别降低了27.1％，31.9％和26.7％。推测了一种可能的阻燃剂机理：充分分散的f-GNS构成了曲折路径，并阻碍了具有屏障功能的降解产物的交换过程。大量降解产物聚集在f-GNS周围，并与阻燃剂反应生成交联的高度石墨化的残留焦炭。用于电化学剥离的石墨烯的简单官能化促使石墨烯在阻燃复合材料领域中的应用。分散良好的f-GNS构成曲折路径，阻碍了具有屏障功能的降解产物的交换过程。大量降解产物聚集在f-GNS周围，并与阻燃剂反应生成交联的高度石墨化的残留焦炭。用于电化学剥离的石墨烯的简单官能化促使石墨烯在阻燃复合材料领域中的应用。分散良好的f-GNS构成曲折路径，阻碍了具有屏障功能的降解产物的交换过程。大量降解产物聚集在f-GNS周围，并与阻燃剂反应生成交联的高度石墨化的残留焦炭。用于电化学剥离的石墨烯的简单官能化促使石墨烯在阻燃复合材料领域中的应用。