Our previous study reported the improved stability of fucoxanthin (FX) fortified in whole milk (WM) and skimmed milk (SM). In this study, in vivo and in vitro FX bioavailability were investigated using FX-fortified milk (FX-SM and FX-WM) and microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum biomass (Pt-powder). Organ tissue accumulation of FX and its metabolites (FXOH: fucoxanthinol, AXA: amarouciaxanthin A) after repeated oral administration was in the following order: FX-SM > FX-WM > Pt-powder. In vivo pharmacokinetic study with a single oral administration also demonstrated that the absorption of FXOH and AXA was the highest for FX-SM. To reinforce the in vivo results, in vitro-simulated digestion and Caco-2 cell uptake assays were performed, which revealed that FX-SM showed the highest FX bioaccessibility (release from food matrices) and cellular uptake efficiency of FX and FXOH. In conclusion, skimmed milk was validated as an excellent food matrix for FX application in terms of stability and bioavailability.

我们先前的研究报道了在全脂牛奶（WM）和脱脂牛奶（SM）中强化的岩藻黄质（FX）的稳定性得到改善。在这项研究中，研究人员使用FX强化牛奶（FX-SM和FX-WM）和Microalga Phaeodyylum tricornutum生物量（Pt-powder）研究了FX的体内和体外生物利用度。重复口服后，FX及其代谢产物（FXOH：岩藻黄质醇，AXA：金刚烷黄质A）的器官组织蓄积顺序如下：FX-SM> FX-WM> Pt-powder。单次口服给药的体内药代动力学研究还表明，FXOH和AXA的吸收是FX-SM最高的。为了增强体内结果，在体外进行了模拟消化和Caco-2细胞摄取分析，结果表明FX-SM表现出最高的FX生物可及性（从食品基质中释放）以及FX和FXOH的细胞摄取效率。总之，就稳定性和生物利用度而言，脱脂牛奶被证明是用于FX应用的优良食品基质。