Abstract Different interpretative front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling schemes have recently been implemented in several countries but it is still unclear which is the most effective. The present work compared three interpretative schemes (Nutri-score, health star rating and nutritional warnings) in terms of attentional capture, processing time, influence on perceived healthfulness and purchase intention of products with different nutritional profile. Two studies were conducted. In the first study, attention to and processing time for interpretation of FOP labels was evaluated using a visual search task with 112 participants. In the second study, an online survey with 892 participants was conducted to evaluate the influence of interpretive FOP labels on purchase intention and perceived healthfulness of a series of products. A between-subjects design was implemented to compare a control condition (without front-of-pack nutrition information) and the three interpretive FOP schemes. The health star rating was found to perform worse than the other two schemes in terms of capturing attention and altering perceived healthfulness and purchase intention. The latter effect depended on the degree of healthfulness of the food products in question, but the effect on consumer behaviour towards unhealthful product categories was more pronounced for the warning label scheme. From a nutrition policy effectiveness point of view, results suggest that nutritional warnings may have advantages over Nutri-score and the health star rating in the context of the current food environment, characterized by the wide availability of products with high content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases.

中文翻译：

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三种解释性包装正面营养标签方案的比较性能：政策制定的见解

摘要 最近几个国家实施了不同的解释性正面包装 (FOP) 营养标签计划，但尚不清楚哪种最有效。目前的工作在注意力捕获、处理时间、对感知健康的影响和具有不同营养成分的产品的购买意愿方面比较了三种解释方案（Nutri-score、健康星级和营养警告）。进行了两项研究。在第一项研究中，使用 112 名参与者的视觉搜索任务评估了对 FOP 标签解释的注意力和处理时间。在第二项研究中，对 892 名参与者进行了在线调查，以评估解释性 FOP 标签对一系列产品的购买意愿和感知健康的影响。实施了受试者间设计以比较对照条件（无包装正面营养信息）和三种解释性 FOP 方案。发现健康星级评分在吸引注意力和改变感知健康和购买意愿方面的表现比其他两种方案差。后一种影响取决于相关食品的健康程度，但警告标签计划对消费者对不健康产品类别的行为的影响更为明显。从营养政策有效性的角度来看，结果表明，在当前食品环境的背景下，营养警告可能比 Nutri-score 和健康星级更具优势，