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Trends and Patterns of Geographic Variation in Mortality From Substance Use Disorders and Intentional Injuries Among US Counties, 1980-2014
JAMA ( IF 63.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-13 , DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.0900
Laura Dwyer-Lindgren 1 , Amelia Bertozzi-Villa 1 , Rebecca W Stubbs 1 , Chloe Morozoff 1 , Shreya Shirude 1 , Jürgen Unützer 2 , Mohsen Naghavi 1 , Ali H Mokdad 1 , Christopher J L Murray 1
Affiliation  

Importance Substance use disorders, including alcohol use disorders and drug use disorders, and intentional injuries, including self-harm and interpersonal violence, are important causes of early death and disability in the United States. Objective To estimate age-standardized mortality rates by county from alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence in the United States. Design and Setting Validated small-area estimation models were applied to deidentified death records from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and population counts from the US Census Bureau, NCHS, and the Human Mortality Database to estimate county-level mortality rates from 1980 to 2014 for alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence. Exposures County of residence. Main Outcomes and Measures Age-standardized mortality rates by US county (N = 3110), year, sex, and cause. Results Between 1980 and 2014, there were 2 848 768 deaths due to substance use disorders and intentional injuries recorded in the United States. Mortality rates from alcohol use disorders (n = 256 432), drug use disorders (n = 542 501), self-harm (n = 1 289 086), and interpersonal violence (n = 760 749) varied widely among counties. Mortality rates decreased for alcohol use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence at the national level between 1980 and 2014; however, over the same period, the percentage of counties in which mortality rates increased for these causes was 65.4% for alcohol use disorders, 74.6% for self-harm, and 6.6% for interpersonal violence. Mortality rates from drug use disorders increased nationally and in every county between 1980 and 2014, but the relative increase varied from 8.2% to 8369.7%. Relative and absolute geographic inequalities in mortality, as measured by comparing the 90th and 10th percentile among counties, decreased for alcohol use disorders and interpersonal violence but increased substantially for drug use disorders and self-harm between 1980 and 2014. Conclusions and Relevance Mortality due to alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence varied widely among US counties, both in terms of levels of mortality and trends. These estimates may be useful to inform efforts to target prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to improve health and reduce inequalities.

中文翻译:


1980-2014 年美国各县药物使用障碍和故意伤害造成的死亡率的地理差异趋势和模式



重要性 物质使用障碍,包括酒精使用障碍和药物使用障碍,以及故意伤害,包括自残和人际暴力,是美国过早死亡和残疾的重要原因。目的 估算美国各县因酒精使用障碍、药物使用障碍、自残和人际暴力造成的年龄标​​准化死亡率。设计和设置 将经过验证的小区域估计模型应用于来自国家卫生统计中心 (NCHS) 的去识别化死亡记录以及来自美国人口普查局、NCHS 和人类死亡率数据库的人口计数,以估计 1980 年以来的县级死亡率到 2014 年,针对酒精使用障碍、药物使用障碍、自残和人际暴力。暴露 居住县。主要成果和措施 按美国县 (N = 3110)、年份、性别和原因划分的年龄标准化死亡率。结果 1980 年至 2014 年间,美国有 2 848 768 人因药物滥用和故意伤害死亡。酒精使用障碍 (n = 256 432)、药物使用障碍 (n = 542 501)、自残 (n = 1 289 086) 和人际暴力 (n = 760 749) 导致的死亡率在各县之间差异很大。 1980 年至 2014 年间,全国范围内酒精使用障碍、自残和人际暴力的死亡率有所下降;然而,在同一时期,因这些原因导致死亡率增加的县中,酒精使用障碍死亡率增加了 65.4%,自残死亡率增加了 74.6%,人际暴力死亡率增加了 6.6%。 1980 年至 2014 年间,全国和各县吸毒障碍死亡率均有所上升,但相对增幅从 8.2% 到 8369.7% 不等。 1980 年至 2014 年间,通过比较各县之间第 90 个百分位数和第 10 个百分位数来衡量,死亡率的相对和绝对地理不平等因酒精使用障碍和人际暴力而下降,但因药物使用障碍和自残而大幅增加。 结论和相关性美国各县的酒精使用障碍、药物使用障碍、自残和人际暴力在死亡率和趋势方面差异很大。这些估计可能有助于为预防、诊断和治疗目标的努力提供信息,以改善健康和减少不平等。
更新日期:2018-03-13
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