Superluminous supernovae are a new class of supernovae that were recognized about a decade ago. Both observational and theoretical progress has been significant in the last decade. In this review, we first briefly summarize the observational properties of superluminous supernovae. We then introduce the three major suggested luminosity sources to explain the huge luminosities of superluminous supernovae, i.e., the nuclear decay of 56Ni, the interaction between supernova ejecta and dense circumstellar media, and the spin down of magnetars. We compare these models and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.

中文翻译：

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超亮超新星

超亮超新星是大约十年前被发现的一类新超新星。在过去十年中，观测和理论方面的进展都非常显着。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要总结了超发光超新星的观测特性。然后我们介绍了三种主要的建议光度来源来解释超光速超新星的巨大光度，即56Ni的核衰变、超新星抛射物与致密星周介质的相互作用以及磁星的自旋下降。我们比较这些模型并讨论它们的优点和缺点。