The bioelectrotransformation efficiency of various organic matters and corresponding electrode biofilm community formation as well as electron transfer efficiency in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) with different modified electrodes has been extensively studied on the anode side. However, the effects of cathode interface characteristics towards the BESs bioelectrotransformation performance remain poorly understood. In this study, the nitrobenzene-reducing biocathode catalytic efficiency and community structure in response to different modified electrodes (control: hydrophobic and no charge; –SH: hydrophobic and single negative charge; –NH₂: hydrophilic and single positive charge –NH–NH₂: hydrophilic and double positive charges) were investigated. The biocathode transformation efficiency of nitrobenzene (NB) to aniline (AN) (E_NB-AN) was affected by the nature of electrode interface as well as the biocathode community formation and structure. Cathodes with hydrophilic surface and positive charges have performed well in the bioelectrotransformation experiments, and especially made an outstanding performance when inorganic NaHCO₃ was supplied as carbon source and cathode as the sole electron donor. Importantly, the hydrophilic surfaces with positive charges were dominated by the electroactive nitroaromatic reducers (Enterococcus, Desulfovibrio and Klebsiella) with the relative abundance as high as 72.20 ± 1.87% and 74.86 ± 8.71% for –NH₂ and –NH–NH₂ groups respectively. This could explain the higher E_NB-AN in the hydrophilic groups than that of the hydrophobic –SH modified group. This study provides new insights into the effects of electrode interface characteristics on the BESs biocathode performance and offers some suggestions for the future design for the improvement of bioelectroremediation performance.

在阳极侧已广泛研究了各种有机物的生物电转化效率和相应的电极生物膜群落形成，以及具有不同修饰电极的生物电化学系统（BES）中的电子转移效率。然而，阴极界面特性对BESs生物电转化性能的影响仍然知之甚少。在本研究中，硝基苯还原生物阴极对不同修饰电极的响应效率和群落结构（控制：疏水且不带电荷； –SH：疏水且带单个负电荷； –NH ₂：亲水且带单个正电荷–NH–NH _2个：亲水性和双正电荷）被研究。硝基苯（NB）到苯胺（AN）（E _NB-AN）的生物阴极转化效率受电极界面性质以及生物阴极群落形成和结构的影响。具有亲水性表面和正电荷的阴极在生物电转化实验中表现良好，尤其是当无机NaHCO ₃作为碳源和阴极作为唯一的电子供体时，其表现出色。重要的是，带正电荷的亲水性表面主要由电活性硝基芳香族还原剂（肠球菌，脱硫弧菌和克雷伯菌））用的相对丰度高达72.20±1.87％和74.86±8.71对-NH％₂和-NH-NH _2组分别的基团。这可以解释亲水基团中的E _NB-AN比疏水性–SH改性基团更高。这项研究为电极界面特性对BESs生物阴极性能的影响提供了新的见识，并为未来设计改善生物电修复性能提供了一些建议。