There is currently a gap in the use of centrifugal microfluidics in the field of environmental sensing. This review provides theoretical perspectives that have been demonstrated for applications in other domains and recommends adaptations for environmental sensing. Current approaches of centrifugal systems reported are primarily in the area of biosensing and electrochemical detection. In the case of current environmental monitoring devices discussed, a conversion process for developing centrifugal microfluidic platforms around currently reported transduction methods will be presented, covering design and manufacturing elements required for successful platforms. While the success of these reported systems is not in question, there is more to be done in advancing both automation, sample-to-detector interaction, simplification for the end user and portability, to facilitate long term deployable or in situ based environmental monitoring. Also included for discussion, are devices that have demonstrated the capability of sample processing and reagent mixing, as well as high-sensitivity sample characterisation with a number of varying detection techniques through transducer substitution. While in some cases, necessary sample preparation currently involves off-chip steps (such as cell lysis), others have incorporated these steps within the microfluidic platform, therefore through combinations of reported sample handling and detection strategies, more refined and flexible environmental monitoring tools can be achieved on a single platform using centrifugal microfluidics. Also considered will be the cost-effectiveness of the microfluidic platforms with current multi-use limitations. In the absence of suitable centrifugal microfluidic sensors, alternative chip-based systems, with significant relevance to environmental applications and which could be easily adapted to a centrifugal platform, are suggested. The primary technical challenge of this report is to demonstrate how these current centrifugal sensing systems could offer huge potential in the environmental sensing field, with minimal systematic modification, but a myriad of applications.

中文翻译：

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离心微流控技术在环境监测中的研究进展

在环境传感领域，离心微流体技术的使用目前存在差距。这篇综述提供了已在其他领域中应用的理论观点，并建议对环境传感进行改编。报告的离心系统的当前方法主要在生物传感和电化学检测领域。在讨论当前环境监测设备的情况下，将介绍一种围绕当前报告的转导方法开发离心微流控平台的转换过程，涵盖成功平台所需的设计和制造要素。尽管这些报告系统的成功与否不容置疑，但在推进自动化，样品与检测器的相互作用，原位基础的环境监测。还包括用于讨论的设备，这些设备已证明了样品处理和试剂混合的能力，以及通过换能器替代通过多种检测技术实现的高灵敏度样品表征。尽管在某些情况下，当前必需的样品制备涉及芯片外步骤（例如细胞裂解），但其他方法已将这些步骤整合到微流体平台中，因此，通过结合报告的样品处理和检测策略，可以使用更精致，更灵活的环境监测工具可在单个平台上使用离心微流控技术实现。还考虑了具有当前多用途限制的微流体平台的成本效益。在没有合适的离心微流传感器的情况下，建议使用替代的基于芯片的系统，该系统与环境应用密切相关，并且可以轻松地适应离心平台。本报告的主要技术挑战是证明这些当前的离心传感系统如何通过最少的系统修改即可在环境传感领域中提供巨大的潜力，但却有无数的应用。