The bioaccumulation and biotransformation of arsenic (As) were studied in six representative marine sponges from the French Mediterranean and Irish Atlantic coasts. Methodologies were carefully optimized in one of the species on Haliclona fulva sponges for two critical steps: the sample mineralization for total As analysis by ICP-MS and the extraction of As species for HPLC-ICP-MS analysis. During the optimization, extractions performed with 0.6 mol L⁻¹ H₃PO₄ were shown to be the most efficient. Extraction recovery of 81% was obtained which represents the best results obtained until now in sponge samples. Total As analyses and As speciation were performed on certified reference materials and allow confirming the measurement quality both during the sample preparation and analysis. Additionally, this study represents an environmental survey demonstrating a high variability of total As concentrations among the different species, probably related to different physiological or microbial features. As speciation results showed the predominance of arsenobetaine (AsB) regardless of the sponge species, as well as the occurrence of low amounts of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenate (As(+V)), and unknown As species in some samples. The process responsible for As transformation in sponges is most likely related to sponges metabolism itself or the action of symbiont organisms. AsB is supposed to be implied in the protection against osmolytic stress. This study demonstrates the ability of sponges to accumulate and bio-transform As, proving that sponges are relevant bio-monitors for As contamination in the marine environment, and potential tools in environmental bio-remediation.

在来自法国地中海和爱尔兰大西洋沿岸的六种代表性海洋海绵中研究了砷的生物富集和生物转化。方法是针对一种在Haliclona fulva海绵上的物种进行了仔细优化的两个关键步骤：通过ICP-MS进行矿化以进行总As分析的样品矿化以及用于HPLC-ICP-MS分析的As物种的提取。在优化过程中，用0.6 mol L ^-1 H ₃ PO ₄进行萃取被证明是最有效的。获得的萃取回收率为81％，代表了迄今为止在海绵样品中获得的最佳结果。在认证的参考材料上进行了总砷分析和砷形态分析，可以在样品制备和分析过程中确认测量质量。此外，这项研究代表了一项环境调查，表明不同物种之间总As浓度的高变异性，可能与不同的生理或微生物特征有关。由于形态分析结果显示，无论海绵物种如何，砷甜菜碱（AsB）均占优势，并且在一些样品中出现了少量的二甲基ar酸（DMA），砷酸根（As（+ V））和未知的As物种。海绵中负责砷转化的过程很可能与海绵本身的代谢或共生生物的作用有关。AsB被认为是针对渗透压保护的隐含材料。这项研究证明了海绵积累和生物转化砷的能力，证明了海绵是海洋环境中砷污染的相关生物监测器，以及环境生物修复的潜在工具。