BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can target immune and metabolic pathways. However, few epidemiologic studies have examined the influence of EDCs on measures of inflammation and cellular aging during pregnancy and postpartum. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between prenatal exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hydroxylated PBDE metabolites (OH-PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and per- and polyfluorochemicals (PFASs) with repeated biomarker measurements of inflammation and cellular aging in women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. METHODOLOGY Overweight or obese pregnant women were recruited from the San Francisco Bay area (n = 103) during their first or second trimester of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from participants at baseline (median 16 weeks gestation) and at three and nine months postpartum. Serum concentrations of PBDEs, OH-PBDEs, PCBs, and PFASs were measured at baseline. Inflammation biomarkers (interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 10 [IL-10], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α]) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of cellular aging, were measured at all three time points. Associations between serum chemical concentrations and repeated measures of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and LTL were examined using linear mixed models. We also examined the potential for effect modification by time (visit) and obesity. RESULTS In adjusted models, we observed positive relationships between PBDEs and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). A doubling in ∑PBDEs was associated with a 15.26% (95% CI 1.24, 31.22) and 3.74% (95% CI -0.19, 7.82) increase in IL-6 and TNF-α, respectively. Positive associations were also observed for PFASs and IL-6. A two-fold increase in ∑PFASs was associated with a 20.87% (95% CI 3.46, 41.22) increase in IL-6. 5-OHBDE-47 was inversely associated with anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Some EDC-outcome associations, including those of PBDEs with TNF-α, were stronger during pregnancy (compared to three or nine months postpartum) and among obese (compared to overweight) women (p-interaction <0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exposure to specific EDCs is associated with increased inflammation among women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Future studies should replicate these findings in additional study populations and examine the implications of these associations for maternal and child health.

中文翻译：

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持久性内分泌干扰化学物质（PBDE、OH-PBDE、PCB 和 PFAS）与妊娠和产后炎症和细胞衰老生物标志物之间的关联。


背景内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC）可以针对免疫和代谢途径。然而，很少有流行病学研究探讨 EDC 对孕期和产后炎症和细胞衰老指标的影响。目的 我们研究了产前暴露于多溴二苯醚 (PBDE)、羟基化 PBDE 代谢物 (OH-PBDE)、多氯联苯 (PCB) 以及全氟和多氟化学品 (PFAS) 之间的关系，以及产妇产前炎症和细胞衰老的重复生物标志物测量。怀孕和产后期。方法学 从旧金山湾区招募了怀孕前三个月或中期的超重或肥胖孕妇（n = 103）。在基线（中位妊娠 16 周）以及产后 3 个月和 9 个月时从参与者采集血样。在基线时测量了 PBDE、OH-PBDE、PCB 和 PFAS 的血清浓度。在所有三个时间点测量炎症生物标志物（白细胞介素 6 [IL-6]、白细胞介素 10 [IL-10] 和肿瘤坏死因子 [TNF-α]）和白细胞端粒长度 (LTL)（细胞衰老的生物标志物） 。使用线性混合模型检查血清化学浓度与重复测量 IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α 和 LTL 之间的关联。我们还研究了时间（访问）和肥胖对效果改变的可能性。结果在调整后的模型中，我们观察到 PBDE 与促炎细胞因子（IL-6 和 TNF-α）之间存在正相关关系。 ΣPBDEs 增加一倍与 IL-6 和 TNF-α 分别增加 15.26% (95% CI 1.24, 31.22) 和 3.74% (95% CI -0.19, 7.82) 相关。还观察到 PFAS 和 IL-6 呈正相关。 ΣPFAS 增加两倍与 20 相关。IL-6 增加 87% (95% CI 3.46, 41.22)。 5-OHBDE-47 与抗炎细胞因子 IL-10 呈负相关。一些 EDC 结局相关性，包括 PBDE 与 TNF-α 的相关性，在怀孕期间（与产后三个月或九个月相比）和肥胖（与超重相比）女性中更强（p 交互作用 <0.05）。结论 这些研究结果表明，接触特定的 EDC 与女性怀孕期间和产后炎症增加有关。未来的研究应该在更多的研究人群中复制这些发现，并研究这些关联对孕产妇和儿童健康的影响。