Considerable evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share a common molecular aetiology, despite their unique clinical diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was therefore to determine and characterise the common and unique molecular architecture of ASD, SCZ, BD and OCD. Gene lists were obtained from previously published studies for ASD, BD, SCZ and for OCD. Genes identified to be common to all disorders, or unique to one specific disorder, were included for enrichment analyses using the web-server tool Enrichr. Ten genes were identified to be commonly associated with the aetiology of ASD, SCZ, BD and OCD. Enrichment analyses determined that these genes are predominantly involved in the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways, the voltage-gated calcium ion channel gene network, folate metabolism, regulation of the hippo signaling pathway, and the regulation of gene silencing and expression. In addition to well-characterised and previously described pathways, regulation of the hippo signaling pathway was commonly associated with ASD, SCZ, BD and OCD, implicating neural development and neuronal maintenance as key in neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast, a large number of previously associated genes were shown to be disorder-specific. And unique disorder-specific pathways and biological processes were presented for ASD, BD, SCZ and OCD aetiology. Considering the current global incidence and prevalence rates of mental health disorders, focus should be placed on cross-disorder commonalities in order to realise actionable and translatable results to combat mental health disorders.

大量证据表明，尽管自闭症谱系障碍（ASD），精神分裂症（SCZ），双相情感障碍（BD）和强迫症（OCD）具有共同的分子病因，尽管它们具有独特的临床诊断标准。因此，本研究的目的是确定和表征ASD，SCZ，BD和OCD的共同而独特的分子结构。基因清单是从先前发表的有关ASD，BD，SCZ和OCD的研究中获得的。使用网络服务器工具Enrichr将鉴定为所有疾病共有的基因或一种特定疾病所独有的基因用于富集分析。已鉴定出十个与ASD，SCZ，BD和OCD的病因通常相关的基因。富集分析确定这些基因主要参与多巴胺能和血清素能途径，电压门控钙离子通道基因网络，叶酸代谢，河马信号通路的调控以及基因沉默和表达的调控。除了特征明确的和先前描述的途径外，河马信号传导途径的调节通常与ASD，SCZ，BD和OCD相关，这暗示神经发育和神经元维持是神经精神疾病的关键。相反，大量先前相关的基因显示为疾病特异性的。并提出了针对ASD，BD，SCZ和OCD病因的独特疾病特异性途径和生物学过程。考虑到目前全球精神卫生疾病的发病率和患病率，