Hydrogen isotopes retention and bubbles formation are critical issues for tungsten as plasma-facing material in future fusion reactors. In this work, the formation and growing up behavior of hydrogen bubbles in tungsten were investigated experimentally. The planar TEM samples were implanted by $6.0\text{keV}$ hydrogens to a fluence of $3.38\times {10}^{18}H\cdot c{m}^{-2}$ at room temperature, and well-defined hydrogen bubbles were observed by TEM. It was demonstrated that hydrogen bubbles formed when exposed to a fluence of $1.5\times {10}^{18}H\cdot c{m}^{-2}$, and the hydrogen bubbles grew up with the implantation fluence. In addition, the bubbles' size appeared larger with higher beam flux until saturated at a certain flux, even though the total fluence was kept the same. Finally, in order to understand the thermal annealing effect on the bubbles behavior, hydrogen-implanted samples were annealed at 400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C for 3 h. It was obvious that hydrogen bubbles' morphology changed at temperatures higher than 800 °C.

氢同位素保留和气泡形成是钨作为未来聚变反应堆中面向等离子体的材料的关键问题。在这项工作中，实验研究了钨中氢气泡的形成和生长行为。将平面TEM样品植入$6.0\text{keV}$ 氢通量为 $3.38\times {10}^{\mathrm{18岁}}H\cdot C{米}^{-\mathrm{2个}}$在室温下，通过TEM观察到明确的氢气泡。结果表明，当氢通量为时，会形成氢气泡。$1.5\times {10}^{\mathrm{18岁}}H\cdot C{米}^{-\mathrm{2个}}$，氢气泡随注入注量而增长。另外，即使总能量通量保持不变，在较高的光束通量下，气泡的尺寸也会变大，直到达到一定的通量饱和为止。最后，为了了解热退火对气泡行为的影响，将氢气注入的样品在400、600、800和1000°C下退火3 h。显然，在高于800°C的温度下，氢气泡的形态发生了变化。