Abstract Knowledge of black carbon (BC) emission factors from ships is important from human health and environmental perspectives. A study of instruments measuring BC and fuels typically used in marine operation was carried out on a small marine engine. Six analytical methods measured the BC emissions in the exhaust of the marine engine operated at two load points (25% and 75%) while burning one of three fuels: a distillate marine (DMA), a low sulfur, residual marine (RMB-30) and a high-sulfur residual marine (RMG-380). The average emission factors with all instruments increased from 0.08 to 1.88 gBC/kg fuel in going from 25 to 75% load. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested BC emissions against instrument, load, and combined fuel properties and showed that both engine load and fuels had a statistically significant impact on BC emission factors. While BC emissions were impacted by the fuels used, none of the fuel properties investigated (sulfur content, viscosity, carbon residue and CCAI) was a primary driver for BC emissions. Of the two residual fuels, RMB-30 with the lower sulfur content, lower viscosity and lower residual carbon, had the highest BC emission factors. BC emission factors determined with the different instruments showed a good correlation with the PAS values with correlation coefficients R2 >0.95. A key finding of this research is the relative BC measured values were mostly independent of load and fuel, except for some instruments in certain fuel and load combinations.

中文翻译：

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小型船用发动机 BC 质量测量值的差异来源：仪器、燃料和负载的影响

摘要 从人类健康和环境的角度来看，船舶黑碳 (BC) 排放因子的知识很重要。在小型船用发动机上对通常用于船舶操作的测量 BC 和燃料的仪器进行了研究。六种分析方法测量了在两个负载点（25% 和 75%）下运行的船用发动机在燃烧三种燃料之一时的废气中的 BC 排放：馏分船用 (DMA)、低硫、残余船用 (RMB-30 ) 和高硫残留海洋 (RMG-380)。在从 25% 到 75% 的负载时，所有仪器的平均排放因子从 0.08 增加到 1.88 gBC/kg 燃料。方差分析 (ANOVA) 测试了 BC 排放与仪器、负载和组合燃料特性的关系，并表明发动机负载和燃料对 BC 排放因子具有统计上的显着影响。虽然 BC 排放受所用燃料的影响，但所研究的燃料特性（硫含量、粘度、残炭和 CCAI）都不是 BC 排放的主要驱动因素。两种残渣燃料中，含硫量低、粘度低、残碳低的RMB-30燃料的BC排放因子最高。用不同仪器确定的 BC 排放因子与 PAS 值具有良好的相关性，相关系数 R2 > 0.95。这项研究的一个关键发现是相对 BC 测量值大多与负载和燃料无关，但某些仪器在某些燃料和负载组合中除外。两种残渣燃料中，含硫量低、粘度低、残碳低的RMB-30燃料的BC排放因子最高。用不同仪器确定的 BC 排放因子与 PAS 值具有良好的相关性，相关系数 R2 > 0.95。这项研究的一个关键发现是相对 BC 测量值大多与负载和燃料无关，但某些仪器在某些燃料和负载组合中除外。两种残渣燃料中，含硫量低、粘度低、残碳低的RMB-30燃料的BC排放因子最高。用不同仪器确定的 BC 排放因子与 PAS 值具有良好的相关性，相关系数 R2 > 0.95。这项研究的一个关键发现是相对 BC 测量值大多与负载和燃料无关，但某些仪器在某些燃料和负载组合中除外。