Pet dogs are becoming increasingly recognized as a population with the potential to inform medical research through their treatment for a variety of maladies by veterinary health professionals. This is the basis of the One Health initiative, supporting the idea of collaboration between human and animal health researchers and clinicians to study spontaneous disease processes and treatment in animals to inform human health. Cancer is a major health burden in pet dogs, accounting for approximately 30% of deaths across breeds. As such, pet dogs with cancer are becoming increasingly recognized as a resource for studying the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs and therapies under development. This was recently highlighted by a National Academy of Medicine Workshop on Comparative Oncology that took place in mid-2015 (http://www.nap.edu/21830). One component of cancer burden in dogs is their significantly higher incidence of sarcomas as compared to humans. This increased incidence led to canine osteosarcoma being an important component in the development of surgical approaches for osteosarcoma in children. Included in this review of sarcomas in dogs is a description of the incidence, pathology, molecular characteristics and previous translational therapeutic studies associated with these tumors. An understanding of the patho-physiological and molecular characteristics of these naturally occurring canine sarcomas holds great promise for effective incorporation into drug development schemas, for evaluation of target modulation or other pharmacodynamic measures associated with therapeutic response. These data could serve to supplement other preclinical data and bolster clinical investigations in tumor types for which there is a paucity of human patients for clinical trials.

宠物狗越来越被认为是一个有潜力通过兽医保健专业人员治疗各种疾病为医学研究提供信息的群体。这是“同一个健康”倡议的基础，支持人类和动物健康研究人员和临床医生合作研究动物自发疾病过程和治疗的理念，为人类健康提供信息。癌症是宠物狗的主要健康负担，约占各品种死亡人数的 30%。因此，患有癌症的宠物狗越来越被认为是研究正在开发的抗癌药物和疗法的药理学和治疗潜力的资源。最近在 2015 年中期举办的美国国家医学科学院比较肿瘤学研讨会上强调了这一点 (http://www.nap.edu/21830)。狗的癌症负担之一是与人类相比，它们的肉瘤发病率明显更高。发病率的增加导致犬骨肉瘤成为儿童骨肉瘤手术方法发展的重要组成部分。这篇关于狗肉瘤的综述包括对这些肿瘤的发病率、病理学、分子特征和先前的转化治疗研究的描述。了解这些自然发生的犬肉瘤的病理生理学和分子特征对于有效纳入药物开发方案、评估靶标调节或与治疗反应相关的其他药效学测量具有很大的希望。 这些数据可以补充其他临床前数据，并支持缺乏人类患者进行临床试验的肿瘤类型的临床研究。