Pet dogs are becoming increasingly recognized as a population with the potential to inform medical research through their treatment for a variety of maladies by veterinary health professionals. This is the basis of the One Health initiative, supporting the idea of collaboration between human and animal health researchers and clinicians to study spontaneous disease processes and treatment in animals to inform human health. Cancer is a major health burden in pet dogs, accounting for approximately 30% of deaths across breeds. As such, pet dogs with cancer are becoming increasingly recognized as a resource for studying the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs and therapies under development. This was recently highlighted by a National Academy of Medicine Workshop on Comparative Oncology that took place in mid-2015 (http://www.nap.edu/21830). One component of cancer burden in dogs is their significantly higher incidence of sarcomas as compared to humans. This increased incidence led to canine osteosarcoma being an important component in the development of surgical approaches for osteosarcoma in children. Included in this review of sarcomas in dogs is a description of the incidence, pathology, molecular characteristics and previous translational therapeutic studies associated with these tumors. An understanding of the patho-physiological and molecular characteristics of these naturally occurring canine sarcomas holds great promise for effective incorporation into drug development schemas, for evaluation of target modulation or other pharmacodynamic measures associated with therapeutic response. These data could serve to supplement other preclinical data and bolster clinical investigations in tumor types for which there is a paucity of human patients for clinical trials.

宠物狗日益受到人们的认可，它们有潜力通过兽医保健专业人员对各种疾病的治疗来为医学研究提供信息。这是“一个健康”计划的基础，支持人类和动物健康研究人员与临床医生之间合作研究自发性疾病过程和动物治疗方法以增进人类健康的想法。癌症是宠物犬的主要健康负担，约占各个犬种死亡的30％。因此，患有癌症的宠物狗越来越被认为是研究正在开发的抗癌药物和疗法的药理学和治疗潜力的资源。最近在2015年中期举行的美国国家科学院比较肿瘤学研讨会（http://www.nap.com）上对此进行了强调。edu / 21830）。狗的癌症负担之一是与人相比，肉瘤的发病率明显更高。这种增加的发病率导致犬骨肉瘤成为儿童骨肉瘤手术方法发展的重要组成部分。这篇关于狗肉瘤的综述包括与这些肿瘤相关的发病率，病理学，分子特征和以前的翻译治疗研究的描述。对这些天然存在的犬肉瘤的病理生理和分子特征的了解为有效纳入药物开发方案，评估靶标调节或与治疗反应相关的其他药效学措施提供了广阔的前景。