Background

The aim of this study was to quantify RF-EMF exposure applying a tested protocol of RF-EMF exposure measurements using portable devices with a high sampling rate in different microenvironments of Switzerland, Ethiopia, Nepal, South Africa, Australia and the United States of America.

Method

We used portable measurement devices for assessing RF-EMF exposure in 94 outdoor microenvironments and 18 public transport vehicles. The measurements were taken either by walking with a backpack with the devices at the height of the head and a distance of 20–30 cm from the body, or driving a car with the devices mounted on its roof, which was 170–180 cm above the ground. The measurements were taken for about 30 min while walking and about 15–20 min while driving in each microenvironment, with a sampling rate of once every 4 s (ExpoM-RF) and 5 s (EME Spy 201).

Results

Mean total RF-EMF exposure in various outdoor microenvironments varied between 0.23 V/m (non-central residential area in Switzerland) and 1.85 V/m (university area in Australia), and across modes of public transport between 0.32 V/m (bus in rural area in Switzerland) and 0.86 V/m (Auto rickshaw in urban area in Nepal). For most outdoor areas the major exposure contribution was from mobile phone base stations. Otherwise broadcasting was dominant. Uplink from mobile phone handsets was generally very small, except in Swiss trains and some Swiss buses.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates high RF-EMF variability between the 94 selected microenvironments from all over the world. Exposure levels tended to increase with increasing urbanity. In most microenvironments downlink from mobile phone base stations is the most relevant contributor.

中文翻译：

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国际背景下不同日常微环境中射频电磁场暴露水平的比较

背景

这项研究的目的是在瑞士，埃塞俄比亚，尼泊尔，南非，澳大利亚和美利坚合众国的不同微环境中，使用具有高采样率的便携式设备，使用经过测试的RF-EMF暴露测量协议，对RF-EMF暴露进行量化。 。

方法

我们使用便携式测量设备来评估94个室外微环境和18个公共交通工具中的RF-EMF暴露。测量是通过以下方式进行的：携带设备在头部高处且与身体的距离为20-30厘米，或背着背包行走，或驾驶将设备安装在车顶上方170-180厘米的车顶上进行测量。地面。在每个微环境中，步行时约30分钟，行车时约15–20分钟，每4 s（ExpoM-RF）和5 s（EME Spy 201）采样一次。

结果

在各种室外微环境中，RF-EMF的平均总暴露量在0.23 V / m（瑞士的非中心住宅区）和1.85 V / m（澳大利亚的大学区）之间，以及在0.32 V / m（公交车）之间的各种公共交通方式之间变化瑞士农村地区）和0.86 V / m（尼泊尔城市地区的人力车）。对于大多数户外区域，主要的辐射贡献来自手机基站。否则，广播占主导地位。除了瑞士的火车和一些瑞士的公共汽车外，手机的上行链路通常很小。

结论

这项研究表明，来自世界各地的94个选定的微环境之间存在很高的RF-EMF变异性。暴露水平往往随着城市化程度的增加而增加。在大多数微环境中，来自移动电话基站的下行链路是最相关的因素。