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Can Urea Be a Seed for Aerosol Particle Formation in Air?
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-09 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02189
Manoj Kumar 1 , Tarek Trabelsi 1 , Joseph S. Francisco 1
Affiliation  

Urea is ubiquitous in rainwaters and aqueous aerosols in different environments. However, its atmospheric fate and the exact mechanism on how it influences new particle formation remain completely unexplored. Herein, we have used quantum chemical calculations and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations to explore the potential role of urea in the particle formation events. The results suggest that urea binds more strongly to common acidic precursors than ammonia or monoamines and is capable of binding at most two molecules of an acidic precursor or hydroperoxyl radical via hydrogen bonding interactions. The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the complex of urea with an acidic precursor or hydroperoxyl radical on the water droplet is stabilized by intermolecular and interfacial hydrogen bonding interactions over the simulation time scale of 10–15 ps. An important implication of these results is that urea may contribute toward the particle formation in marine environments as well as in Asia where the usage of urea for the agricultural activities has increased dramatically over last few decades. Though there is at the moment no evidence of urea being present in the atmospheric gas-phase, we hope our work would inspire field measurements for detecting urea in the gas-phase.

中文翻译:

尿素可以成为空气中形成气溶胶颗粒的种子吗?

尿素普遍存在于不同环境中的雨水和气溶胶中。然而,它的大气命运以及它如何影响新粒子形成的确切机制仍未完全探索。在本文中,我们使用了量子化学计算和Born-Oppenheimer分子动力学模拟来探索尿素在颗粒形成过程中的潜在作用。结果表明,尿素比氨或单胺与普通酸性前体的结合更牢固,并且能够通过氢键相互作用与酸性前体或氢过氧自由基的最多两个分子结合。分子动力学模拟表明,在10–15 ps的模拟时间内,分子间和界面的氢键相互作用可稳定尿素与水滴上的酸性前体或氢过氧自由基的复合物。这些结果的重要含义是,在过去的几十年中,尿素可能会导致海洋环境以及亚洲农业活动中的尿素使用量急剧增加的亚洲地区的颗粒形成。尽管目前尚无大气气相中存在尿素的证据,但我们希望我们的工作能激发现场检测以检测气相中的尿素。这些结果的重要含义是,在过去的几十年中,尿素可能会导致海洋环境以及亚洲农业活动中的尿素使用量急剧增加的亚洲地区的颗粒形成。尽管目前尚无大气气相中存在尿素的证据,但我们希望我们的工作能激发现场检测以检测气相中的尿素。这些结果的重要含义是,在过去的几十年中,尿素可能会导致海洋环境以及亚洲农业活动中的尿素使用量急剧增加的亚洲地区的颗粒形成。尽管目前尚无大气气相中存在尿素的证据,但我们希望我们的工作能激发现场检测以检测气相中的尿素。
更新日期:2018-03-09
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