Background

It has been recognized that a number of mechanisms mediating the health benefits of beneficial bacterial cells do require viability. However, new terms such as paraprobiotic or postbiotic have emerged to denote that non-viable microbial cells, microbial fractions, or cell lysates might also offer physiological benefits to the host by providing additional bioactivity.

Scope and approach

This review provides an overview of the postbiotic concept, evidence of their health benefits and possible signaling pathways involved in their protective effects, as well as perspectives for applications in foods and pharmaceuticals.

Key findings and conclusions

Postbiotics refers to soluble factors (products or metabolic byproducts), secreted by live bacteria, or released after bacterial lysis, such as enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides, polysaccharides, cell surface proteins, and organic acids. These postbiotics have drawn attention because of their clear chemical structure, safety dose parameters, long shelf life and the content of various signaling molecules which may have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-obesogenic, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, anti-proliferative, and antioxidant activities. These properties suggest that postbiotics may contribute, to the improvement of host health by improving specific physiological functions, even though the exact mechanisms have not been entirely elucidated.

中文翻译：

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益生元：功能性食品领域中一个不断发展的术语

背景

已经认识到，许多介导有益细菌细胞对健康有益的机制确实需要生存力。但是，出现了诸如副益生菌或后生菌之类的新术语，以表示无活力的微生物细胞，微生物级分或细胞裂解物也可能通过提供额外的生物活性为宿主提供生理益处。

范围和方法

这篇综述概述了后生物的概念，它们对健康的益处以及可能与其保护作用有关的信号通路的证据，以及在食品和药品中的应用前景。

主要发现和结论

益生元是指由活细菌分泌或在细菌裂解后释放的可溶性因子（产物或代谢副产物），例如酶，肽，藻酸，肽聚糖衍生的多肽，多糖，细胞表面蛋白和有机酸。这些后生菌因其清晰的化学结构，安全剂量参数，较长的保存期限以及可能具有抗炎，免疫调节，抗肥胖，抗高血压，降血脂，抗增殖和抗氧化活性的各种信号分子的含量而备受关注。 。这些特性表明，即使尚未完全阐明确切的机制，后生素也可能通过改善特定的生理功能来促进宿主健康。