### The role of the microbiota in hypertension: take it with a pinch of salt? Wilck N, Matus MG, Kearney SM et al . Salt-responsive commensal modulates TH17 axis and disease. Nature 2017;551:585–589. A high salt diet predisposes to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This paper proposes that the microbiome and immune system bring about these effects of a high salt diet. High salt intake induces proinflammatory Th17 cells, which have been linked to hypertension and autoimmune disease. To find a link between salt intake and microbiota, mice were fed a high-salt diet made up of 4% salt, as compared with a normal-salt diet of 0.5% salt. After 2 weeks, faecal pellets were sequenced to reveal microbiota populations. There were clear differences between the two groups, but the most marked change was a reduction in Lactobacillus murinus in the high-salt group. L. murinus was cultured in the lab and growth was salt sensitive. It is known that a high salt diet exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Daily gavage of L. murinus ameliorated salt-induced EAE. Likewise, a 3-week high salt diet caused hypertension in mice, but L. murinus treatment ameliorated salt-sensitive hypertension and reduced Th17 cells. In a small human trial, 12 volunteers were given double their usual salt intake with 6 g of extra salt for a fortnight. Participants’ blood pressure increased, there was reduced survival of Lactobacillus species and a significant increase in Th17 cells. Interestingly, Lactobacillus is less abundant in microbiomes in the West and may be related to higher salt intake from an early age. Manipulating the microbiota, for example, with probiotics could be a therapy in salt-sensitive conditions. ### Hepatic expression of the deubiqitination enzyme cylindromatosis inhibits NASH Ji Y-X, Huang Z, Yang X, et al. The deubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis mitigates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Med 2018 Jan 1. doi: 10.1038/nm.4461. [Epub ahead of print]. Cellular ubiquitination controls the activation and degradation of intracellular proteins. Ubiquitination has been suggested …

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###微生物群在高血压中的作用：夹一点盐吃吗？Wilck N，Matus MG，Kearney SM等。盐反应性食物调节TH17轴和疾病。自然2017; 551：585–589。高盐饮食易患高血压和心血管疾病。本文提出，微生物组和免疫系统可带来高盐饮食的这些作用。高盐摄入量会诱导促炎性Th17细胞，该细胞与高血压和自身免疫性疾病有关。为了发现盐摄入与微生物群之间的联系，给小鼠喂食高盐饮食，该饮食由4％的盐组成，而普通盐饮食为0.5％的盐。2周后，对粪便颗粒进行测序，以揭示微生物群。两组之间有明显的区别，但最明显的变化是高盐组的鼠乳杆菌减少。在实验室中培养了鼠李糖乳杆菌，其生长对盐敏感。众所周知，高盐饮食会加剧实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE），这是多发性硬化症的动物模型。每日饲喂鼠李糖能改善盐诱导的EAE。同样，三周的高盐饮食会引起小鼠高血压，但是鼠李糖乳杆菌的治疗改善了盐敏感性高血压并减少了Th17细胞。在一项小型的人体试验中，为12个志愿者提供了两倍的常规食盐摄入量，每两周增加6 g食盐。参与者的血压升高，乳杆菌物种的存活率降低，Th17细胞显着增加。有趣的是，乳杆菌在西方的微生物群中含量较低，可能与从小就摄入更多盐分有关。例如，用益生菌来操纵微生物群可能是盐敏感条件下的一种疗法。###去泛酸化酶圆柱化病的肝表达抑制NASH吉YX，黄Z，杨X等。去泛素化酶圆柱化病减轻了非酒精性脂肪性肝炎。Nat Med 2018年1月1日。doi：10.1038 / nm.4461。[Epub提前发行]。细胞泛素化控制细胞内蛋白质的活化和降解。泛素化已被建议…… 等。去泛素化酶圆柱化病减轻了非酒精性脂肪性肝炎。Nat Med 2018年1月1日。doi：10.1038 / nm.4461。[Epub提前发行]。细胞泛素化控制细胞内蛋白质的活化和降解。泛素化已被建议…… 等。去泛素化酶圆柱化病减轻了非酒精性脂肪性肝炎。Nat Med 2018年1月1日。doi：10.1038 / nm.4461。[Epub提前发行]。细胞泛素化控制细胞内蛋白质的活化和降解。泛素化已被建议……