The envisaged decarbonization of the European power system introduces complex techno-economic challenges to its operation and development. Demand flexibility can significantly contribute in addressing these challenges and enable a cost-effective transition to the low-carbon future. Although extensive previous work has analyzed the impacts of residential and commercial demand flexibility, the respective potential of the industrial sector has not yet been thoroughly investigated despite its large size. This paper presents a novel, whole-system modeling framework to comprehensively quantify the potential economic benefits of flexible industrial demand (FID) for the European power system. This framework considers generation, transmission, and distribution sectors of the system, and determines the least-cost long-term investment and short-term operation decisions. FID is represented through a generic, process-agnostic model, which, however, accounts for fixed energy requirements and load recovery effects associated with industrial processes. The numerical studies demonstrate multiple significant value streams of FID in Europe, including capital cost savings by avoiding investments in additional generation and transmission capacity and distribution reinforcements, as well as operating cost savings by enabling higher utilization of renewable generation sources and providing balancing services.

中文翻译：

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量化欧洲电力系统灵活工业需求的潜在经济效益


欧洲电力系统的脱碳设想为其运营和发展带来了复杂的技术经济挑战。需求灵活性可以为应对这些挑战做出重大贡献，并实现向低碳未来的经济高效转型。尽管之前的大量工作已经分析了住宅和商业需求灵活性的影响，但尽管工业部门规模庞大，但其各自的潜力尚未得到彻底研究。本文提出了一种新颖的全系统建模框架，以全面量化欧洲电力系统灵活工业需求（FID）的潜在经济效益。该框架考虑了系统的发电、输电和配电部门，并确定成本最低的长期投资和短期运营决策。 FID 通过通用的、与过程无关的模型来表示，但该模型考虑了与工业过程相关的固定能源需求和负载恢复效应。数值研究证明了欧洲 FID 的多个重要价值流，包括通过避免投资额外的发电和输电能力以及配电增强来节省资本成本，以及通过提高可再生发电资源的利用率和提供平衡服务来节省运营成本。