Fucosylation is a biological process broadly observed in vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, bacteria, and fungi. Fucose moieties on cell-surface glycans are increasingly recognized as critical to many cell-cell interaction and signaling processes. One of the characteristic roles of fucose is its regulation of selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion that has been well studied over the last two decades. Recent studies of fucose in immune cell development and function regulation have significantly expanded the contemporary understanding of fucosylation. From cellular adhesion to immune regulation, herein we discuss the use of gene knockout studies, competitive inhibitors of fucose-containing glycan, and metabolic inhibitors of fucose biosynthesis to probe fucosylated glycan biosynthesis and signaling and its functional consequences. Promising clinical and preclinical applications in sickle cell disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tumor inhibition, metastasis prevention, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, chemoresistance reversal, and in improving chemotherapy-related side effects and recovery are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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揭露岩藻糖基化：从细胞粘附到免疫系统调节和疾病。

岩藻糖基化是在脊椎动物，无脊椎动物，植物，细菌和真菌中广泛观察到的生物过程。细胞表面聚糖上的岩藻糖部分日益被认为对许多细胞间相互作用和信号传导过程至关重要。岩藻糖的特征性作用之一是其对选择素依赖性白细胞粘附的调节，这在过去的二十年中已得到充分研究。岩藻糖在免疫细胞发育和功能调节中的最新研究已大大扩展了当代对岩藻糖基化的认识。从细胞粘附到免疫调节，本文讨论基因敲除研究，含岩藻糖聚糖的竞争性抑制剂和岩藻糖生物合成的代谢抑制剂在探测岩藻糖基化聚糖生物合成和信号传导及其功能后果方面的用途。