As determined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, warming of the climate system is unequivocal and has been associated with rising sea levels, diminished amounts of ice and snow and increasing oceanic and atmospheric temperatures. Such climate changes have a significant impact on stages and rates of toxigenic fungi development and can modify host-resistance and host-pathogen interactions, influencing deeply also the conditions for mycotoxin production that vary for each individual pathogen. Moreover, the new combinations mycotoxins/host plants/geographical areas are arising to the attention of the scientific community and require new diagnostic tools and deeper knowledge of both biology and genetics of toxigenic fungi. In this review, it is underlined that an extension of the aflatoxin contamination risk in maize in South and Central-Europe is highly likely in the next 30 years, due to favorable climatic conditions to the growth of Aspergillus flavus. Moreover, the mycotoxigenic Fusarium species profile on wheat in Europe is in continuous change in Northern, Central and Southern-Europe with, in particular, a worrisome growing contamination of F. graminearum in the Central and Northern Europe.

根据政府间气候变化专门委员会的决定，气候系统的变暖是明确的，并且与海平面上升，冰雪量减少以及海洋和大气温度上升有关。这种气候变化对产毒真菌发育的阶段和速率具有重大影响，并且可以改变宿主抗性和宿主-病原体之间的相互作用，也深刻影响每种病原体的霉菌毒素生产条件。此外，霉菌毒素/寄主植物/地理区域的新组合引起了科学界的注意，并需要新的诊断工具和对产毒真菌生物学和遗传学的更深入了解。在这篇评论中，黄曲霉。此外，欧洲，北欧，中欧和南欧的小麦的致毒性镰刀菌物种分布在不断变化，尤其是中欧和北欧的禾本科镰刀菌污染日益严重。