Abstract Contemporary aspects of corrosion science are reviewed to show how insightful a surface science approach is to understand the mechanisms of corrosion initiation at the atomic and nanometric scales. The review covers experimental approaches using advanced surface analytical techniques applied to single-crystal surfaces of metal and alloys exposed to corrosive aqueous environments in well-controlled conditions and analysed in situ under electrochemical control and/or ex situ by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Complementary theoretical approaches based on atomistic modeling are also covered. The discussed aspects include the metal-water interfacial structure and the surface reconstruction induced by hydroxide adsorption and formation of 2D (hyd)oxide precursors, the structure alterations accompanying anodic dissolution processes of metals without or with 2D protective layers and selective dissolution (i.e. dealloying) of alloys, the atomic structure, orientation and surface hydroxylation of ultrathin passive films, the role of step edges at the exposed surface of oxide grains on the dissolution of passive films and the effect of grain boundaries in polycrystalline passive films acting as preferential sites of passivity breakdown, the differences in local electronic properties measured at passive films grain boundaries, and the structure of adlayers of organic inhibitor molecules.

中文翻译：

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原子和纳米尺度腐蚀科学的进展

摘要 对腐蚀科学的当代方面进行了回顾，以展示表面科学方法在理解原子和纳米尺度上腐蚀引发的机制方面是多么有见地。该评论涵盖了使用先进表面分析技术的实验方法，该技术应用于在良好控制条件下暴露于腐蚀性水环境的金属和合金的单晶表面，并在电化学控制下和/或通过扫描隧道显微镜/光谱、原子力显微镜和 X 射线衍射。还涵盖了基于原子建模的补充理论方法。讨论的方面包括金属-水界面结构和由氢氧化物吸附引起的表面重建和二维（氢）氧化物前体的形成，