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Does Microbial Biodegradation of Water-Soluble Components of Oil Reduce the Toxicity to Early Life Stages of Fish?
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-19 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06408 Bjørn Henrik Hansen 1 , Julia Farkas 1 , Trond Nordtug 1 , Dag Altin 2 , Odd Gunnar Brakstad 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-19 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06408 Bjørn Henrik Hansen 1 , Julia Farkas 1 , Trond Nordtug 1 , Dag Altin 2 , Odd Gunnar Brakstad 1
Affiliation
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Microbial degradation following oil spills results in metabolites from the original oil. Metabolites are expected to display lower bioaccumulation potential and acute toxicity to marine organisms due to microbial-facilitated incorporation of chemical functional groups and a general decrease in lipophilicity. The toxicity and characterization of metabolites are poorly studied. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the toxicity of degraded (0–21 days) water-soluble oil components. Low-energy water accommodated fraction (LE-WAF) of a weathered crude oil was prepared with nutrient amended seawater at 5 °C, kept in the dark, and sampled at 0, 10, 14, and 21 days. Samples were extracted with dichloromethane and toxicity experiments were conducted with reconstituted extracts. Toxicity experiments were conducted for 4 days on developing cod (Gadus morhua) embryos during a critical period of their heart development. After exposure, embryos were kept in clean seawater and observed until 5 days post hatch. Survival, hatching, morphometric aberrations, and cardiac function was studied. The expected decrease in sublethal toxicity during the biodegradation period was not found, indicating that metabolites formed during biodegradation likely contributed to larvae toxicity.
中文翻译：
微生物水溶性降解油中的水溶性成分是否会降低对鱼类生命早期阶段的毒性？
漏油后的微生物降解会导致原始油中产生代谢物。由于微生物促进的化学官能团的结合以及亲脂性的普遍降低，预期代谢物将显示出较低的生物累积潜力和对海洋生物的急性毒性。代谢产物的毒性和表征研究很少。本工作的目的是评估降解的（0-21天）水溶性油成分的毒性。用5°C的营养成分改良的海水制备风化原油的低能量水吸收馏分（LE-WAF），保持在黑暗中，并在0、10、14和21天取样。用二氯甲烷萃取样品，并用复溶的萃取物进行毒性实验。对发育中的鳕鱼进行了4天的毒性实验（Gadus morhua）胚胎在心脏发育的关键时期。暴露后，将胚胎保持在干净的海水中，观察直到孵化后5天。生存，孵化，形态畸变和心脏功能进行了研究。未发现生物降解期间亚致死毒性的预期降低，这表明生物降解期间形成的代谢物可能有助于幼虫毒性。
更新日期：2018-03-20
中文翻译：
微生物水溶性降解油中的水溶性成分是否会降低对鱼类生命早期阶段的毒性？
漏油后的微生物降解会导致原始油中产生代谢物。由于微生物促进的化学官能团的结合以及亲脂性的普遍降低，预期代谢物将显示出较低的生物累积潜力和对海洋生物的急性毒性。代谢产物的毒性和表征研究很少。本工作的目的是评估降解的（0-21天）水溶性油成分的毒性。用5°C的营养成分改良的海水制备风化原油的低能量水吸收馏分（LE-WAF），保持在黑暗中，并在0、10、14和21天取样。用二氯甲烷萃取样品，并用复溶的萃取物进行毒性实验。对发育中的鳕鱼进行了4天的毒性实验（Gadus morhua）胚胎在心脏发育的关键时期。暴露后，将胚胎保持在干净的海水中，观察直到孵化后5天。生存，孵化，形态畸变和心脏功能进行了研究。未发现生物降解期间亚致死毒性的预期降低，这表明生物降解期间形成的代谢物可能有助于幼虫毒性。
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