ImportanceIn 2010, the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine) recommended collecting 24-hour urine to estimate US sodium intake because previous studies indicated 90% of sodium consumed was excreted in urine.

ObjectiveTo estimate mean population sodium intake and describe urinary potassium excretion among US adults.

Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the US noninstitutionalized population, 827 of 1103 (75%) randomly selected, nonpregnant participants aged 20 to 69 years in the examination component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected at least one 24-hour urine specimen in 2014. The overall survey response rate for the 24-hour urine collection was approximately 50% (75% [24-hour urine component response rate] × 66% [examination component response rate]).

Exposures24-hour collection of urine.

Main Outcomes and MeasuresMean 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Weighted national estimates of demographic and health characteristics and mean electrolyte excretion accounting for the complex survey design, selection probabilities, and nonresponse.

ResultsThe study sample (n = 827) represented a population of whom 48.8% were men; 63.7% were non-Hispanic white, 15.8% Hispanic, 11.9% non-Hispanic black, and 5.6% non-Hispanic Asian; 43.5% had hypertension (according to 2017 hypertension guidelines); and 10.0% reported a diagnosis of diabetes. Overall mean 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was 3608 mg (95% CI, 3414-3803). The overall median was 3320 mg (interquartile range, 2308-4524). In secondary analyses by sex, mean sodium excretion was 4205 mg (95% CI, 3959-4452) in men (n = 421) and 3039 mg (95% CI, 2844-3234) in women (n = 406). By age group, mean sodium excretion was 3699 mg (95% CI, 3449-3949) in adults aged 20 to 44 years (n = 432) and 3507 mg (95% CI, 3266-3748) in adults aged 45 to 69 years (n = 395). Overall mean 24-hour urinary potassium excretion was 2155 mg (95% CI, 2030-2280); by sex, 2399 mg (95% CI, 2253-2545) in men and 1922 mg (95% CI, 1757-2086) in women; and by age, 1986 mg (95% CI, 1878-2094) in adults aged 20 to 44 years and 2343 mg (95% CI, 2151-2534) in adults aged 45 to 69 years.

Conclusions and RelevanceIn cross-sectional data from a 2014 sample of US adults, estimated mean sodium intake was 3608 mg per day. The findings provide a benchmark for future studies.

重要性2010年，医学研究所（现为美国国家医学研究院）建议收集24小时尿液以估算美国的钠摄入量，因为先前的研究表明90％的钠消耗量是从尿液中排出的。

客观的估算平均成年人钠摄入量并描述美国成年人中的尿钾排泄量。

设计，设置和参与者在一项针对美国非机构化人群的全国代表性横断面调查中，随机抽取了1103人中的827人（占75％），参加了美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的检查部分，年龄在20至69岁之间的未怀孕参与者2014年为24小时尿液标本。24小时尿液收集的总体调查响应率约为50％（75％[24小时尿液成分反应率]×66％[检查成分反应率]）。

曝光量24小时收集尿液。

主要成果和措施平均24小时尿钠和钾排泄。加权的国家人口统计和健康特征估计值，以及解释复杂调查设计，选择概率和未回答的平均电解质排泄量。

结果研究样本（n = 827）代表人口中48.8％的男性；非西班牙裔白人占63.7％，西班牙裔占15.8％，非西班牙裔黑人占11.9％，非西班牙裔亚裔占5.6％。43.5％患有高血压（根据2017年高血压指南）; 10.0％的人诊断出患有糖尿病。24小时总平均尿钠排泄量为3608 mg（95％CI，3414-3803）。总体中位数为3320 mg（四分位间距2308-4524）。在按性别进行的次要分析中，男性（n = 421）和女性（n = 406）的平均钠排泄分别为4205 mg（95％CI，3959-4452）和3039 mg（95％CI，2844-3234）。按年龄组，在20至44岁（n = 432）的成年人中平均钠排泄为3699 mg（95％CI，3449-3949），在45至69岁的成年人中平均钠排泄为3507 mg（95％CI，3266-3748）。 （n = 395）。24小时总平均尿钾排泄量为2155 mg（95％CI，2030-2280）；按性别，男性为2399 mg（95％CI，2253-2545），女性为1922 mg（95％CI，1757-2086）；按年龄划分，在20至44岁的成年人中为1986毫克（95％CI，1878-2094），在45至69岁的成年人中为2343 mg（95％CI，2151-2534）。

结论与相关性在2014年美国成年人抽样的横截面数据中，估计平均钠摄入量为每天3608 mg。这些发现为将来的研究提供了基准。