Besides the complex and low-yield synthesis, attaining high energy density whilst maintaining high power density remains as the major challenge for supercapacitor applications. Herein, we report one-step production of O-N-S co-doped hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) from ant powder. The resultant product possesses a large specific surface area (2650 m² g⁻¹), a typical three-dimensional (3-D) framework comprised of interconnected macro-, meso- and micropores with suitable pore size distribution, together with an appropriate heteroatom doping of O, N, and S. These distinct features have afforded an ultra-high specific capacitance of 576 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1.0 A g⁻¹ in a three-electrode system and 352 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹ in a two-electrode system, using 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH aqueous as electrolyte. Moreover, the high rate retention of ∼80% from 1.0 A g⁻¹ to 10.0 A g⁻¹ and the high cycling stability (∼ 5% loss over 10,000 cycles) have been also demonstrated. Most importantly, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitors using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF₄) electrolyte delivered an energy density as high as 107 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 900 W kg⁻¹, and a remarkable energy density of 67 Wh kg⁻¹ can be retained even at a power density as high as 18,000 W kg⁻¹. These values represent a new performance record for supercapacitors based on biomass-derived carbons, indicating the great promise of these HPCs for high-performance electrochemical energy storage.

除了复杂且低产率的合成以外，在保持高功率密度的同时获得高能量密度仍然是超级电容器应用的主要挑战。在这里，我们报告从蚂蚁粉一步生产ONS共掺杂的分级多孔碳（HPC）。所得产物具有较大的比表面积（2650 m ² g ^-1），典型的三维（3-D）骨架，该骨架由相互连接的具有适当孔径分布的大，中，微孔以及适当的杂原子组成这些独特的特性在三电极系统中在1.0 A g ^-1的电流密度和352 F g ^-1的电流密度下提供了576 F g ^-1的超高比电容。在两电极系统中，电流密度为0.1 A g ^-1，使用6 mol L ^-1 KOH水溶液作为电解质。此外，还证实了从1.0 A g ^-1到10.0 A g ^-1的〜80％的高速率保持性和高循环稳定性（在10,000个循环中〜5％的损耗）。最重要的是，使用1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸（EMIMBF ₄）电解质制造的对称超级电容器在900 W kg ^-1的功率密度下可提供高达107 Wh kg ^-1的能量密度，并且可观的能量密度为67瓦时千克^-1可以在功率密度高达18000甚至保留W¯¯千克^-1。这些值代表了基于生物质衍生碳的超级电容器的新性能记录，表明这些HPC在高性能电化学能量存储方面的巨大前景。