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Self-standing and shape-memorable UV-curing epoxy polymers for three-dimensional (3D) continuous-filament printing†
Journal of Materials Chemistry C ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-07 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7tc04873d H. Sun 1, 2, 3, 4 , Y. Kim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , Y. C. Kim 1, 2, 3, 4 , I. K. Park 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , J. Suhr 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , D. Byun 2, 3, 4, 7 , H. R. Choi 2, 3, 4, 7 , K. Kuk 4, 8, 9, 10 , O. H. Baek 4, 8, 9, 10 , Y. K. Jung 4, 8, 9, 10 , H. J. Choi 4, 6, 11, 12 , K. J. Kim 7, 13, 14, 15 , J. D. Nam 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Journal of Materials Chemistry C ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-07 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7tc04873d H. Sun 1, 2, 3, 4 , Y. Kim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , Y. C. Kim 1, 2, 3, 4 , I. K. Park 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , J. Suhr 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , D. Byun 2, 3, 4, 7 , H. R. Choi 2, 3, 4, 7 , K. Kuk 4, 8, 9, 10 , O. H. Baek 4, 8, 9, 10 , Y. K. Jung 4, 8, 9, 10 , H. J. Choi 4, 6, 11, 12 , K. J. Kim 7, 13, 14, 15 , J. D. Nam 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation
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In the development of three-dimensional printable materials for high-speed and high-resolution printing, UV-curing polymers can guarantee fast and precise printing of high performance load-bearing structures, but the injected drops of the monomers tend to spread over the substrates due to their low viscosity. In this study, we imposed the self-standing and shape-memorable capability of an epoxy acrylate (EA) monomer to ensure continuous filamentary 3D printing while maintaining its low viscosity nature. Using octadecanamide (ODA) with EA, strong hydrogen-bond networks (−N−H⋯O![[double bond, length as m-dash]](https://www.rsc.org/images/entities/char_e001.gif)
C−, −N−CO⋯H–O–, –N–H⋯N–) were additionally achieved in the material system and the developed material distinctively exhibited rheological duality at different processing stages: a low-viscosity liquid-like behavior (viscosity of ∼50 Pa) while passing through the nozzle and a self-standing solid-like behavior (static yield stress of ∼364 Pa) right after being printed. This reversible liquid-to-solid transitional capability was quantified by viscoelastic complex moduli provided a dynamic yield stress (τy,G) of 210 Pa corresponding to the upright stacking up to ∼3.2 cm (3 wt% of ODA). The time (ty,G) required for conformational rearrangement was evaluated to be as fast as ∼10−2 s. After UV curing, the 3D printed layers exhibited no air pockets or weld lines at the stacked interfaces, which could guarantee excellent mechanical performance and structural integrity.
中文翻译：
自立且可记忆形状的UV固化环氧聚合物，用于三维（3D）连续丝印刷†
在用于高速和高分辨率打印的三维可打印材料的开发中，UV固化聚合物可以保证快速，精确地打印高性能承重结构，但是注入的单体液滴往往会散布在基材上由于它们的低粘度。在这项研究中，我们强加了环氧丙烯酸酯（EA）单体的自立性和形状记忆功能，以确保连续丝状3D打印，同时保持其低粘度性质。结合使用十八烷酰胺（ODA）和EA，可形成强大的氢键网络（-N-H⋯OC-，-N-C在材料体系中还获得了O⋯H–O –，– N–H⋯N–），并且所开发的材料在不同的加工阶段具有独特的流变对偶性：低粘度类似液体的行为（粘度约为50 Pa）在打印后立即通过喷嘴并具有自立的类似固体的行为（静态屈服应力约为364 Pa）。这种可逆液体到固体的过渡能力是由粘弹性模量复杂定量提供的动态屈服应力（τ Y，G 210帕的对应于直立堆放到~3.2厘米（ODA的3重量％））。构象重排所需的时间（t y，G）据估计快至约10 -2s。经过UV固化后，3D打印层在堆叠的界面上没有出现气穴或焊缝，这可以保证出色的机械性能和结构完整性。
更新日期：2018-03-07
C−, −N−CO⋯H–O–, –N–H⋯N–) were additionally achieved in the material system and the developed material distinctively exhibited rheological duality at different processing stages: a low-viscosity liquid-like behavior (viscosity of ∼50 Pa) while passing through the nozzle and a self-standing solid-like behavior (static yield stress of ∼364 Pa) right after being printed. This reversible liquid-to-solid transitional capability was quantified by viscoelastic complex moduli provided a dynamic yield stress (τy,G) of 210 Pa corresponding to the upright stacking up to ∼3.2 cm (3 wt% of ODA). The time (ty,G) required for conformational rearrangement was evaluated to be as fast as ∼10−2 s. After UV curing, the 3D printed layers exhibited no air pockets or weld lines at the stacked interfaces, which could guarantee excellent mechanical performance and structural integrity.
中文翻译：
自立且可记忆形状的UV固化环氧聚合物，用于三维（3D）连续丝印刷†
在用于高速和高分辨率打印的三维可打印材料的开发中，UV固化聚合物可以保证快速，精确地打印高性能承重结构，但是注入的单体液滴往往会散布在基材上由于它们的低粘度。在这项研究中，我们强加了环氧丙烯酸酯（EA）单体的自立性和形状记忆功能，以确保连续丝状3D打印，同时保持其低粘度性质。结合使用十八烷酰胺（ODA）和EA，可形成强大的氢键网络（-N-H⋯
OC-，-N-C在材料体系中还获得了O⋯H–O –，– N–H⋯N–），并且所开发的材料在不同的加工阶段具有独特的流变对偶性：低粘度类似液体的行为（粘度约为50 Pa）在打印后立即通过喷嘴并具有自立的类似固体的行为（静态屈服应力约为364 Pa）。这种可逆液体到固体的过渡能力是由粘弹性模量复杂定量提供的动态屈服应力（τ Y，G 210帕的对应于直立堆放到~3.2厘米（ODA的3重量％））。构象重排所需的时间（t y，G）据估计快至约10 -2s。经过UV固化后，3D打印层在堆叠的界面上没有出现气穴或焊缝，这可以保证出色的机械性能和结构完整性。
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