In this study, the effects of integrating chloride addition and ultrasonication with electrocoagulation (EC) to remove passive layers were investigated. Experimental results were evaluated by conducting an impedance modulus analysis and by considering the amounts of aluminum released. The effect of different operating parameters, such as the phosphate concentration, ultrasonic power, chloride concentration, and the number of cycles on the efficiency of phosphate removal was examined. The results indicated that the integrated ultrasonic and chloride addition process effectively enhanced the energy efficiency and lifespan of plates due to the reduction of the electric impedance. The concentration of released aluminum increased from 150 to 440 mg/L with the increase of ultrasound from 0 to 100 W. After three test cycles, the use of the ultrasonic process and chloride addition with EC enhanced the phosphate removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of the EC process decreased to 30%; however, the removal efficiency of the integrated process increased to 90%. Scanning electron microscope images showed that using ultrasound could successfully remove the passivation layer on the electrode to enhance the phosphate removal efficiency. However, excessive ultrasonic intensity would result in a thicker passivation layer and thus decrease the removal efficiency. It suggests that the coupled use of chloride addition and ultrasonication in the EC process effectively reduced the passivation layer, thereby increasing the energy efficiency while decreasing the impedance modulus and enhancing the concentration of aluminum ions.

在这项研究中，研究了将氯化物添加和超声与电凝（EC）集成在一起以去除钝化层的效果。通过进行阻抗模量分析并考虑释放的铝量来评估实验结果。检查了不同操作参数（例如磷酸盐浓度，超声功率，氯化物浓度和循环次数）对磷酸盐去除效率的影响。结果表明，由于电阻抗的减小，超声和氯化物的集成添加工艺有效地提高了板的能量效率和寿命。随着超声波从0 W增加到100 W，释放的铝浓度从150 mg / L增加到440 mg / L。经过三个测试周期，超声波工艺的使用和EC中氯化物的添加提高了磷酸盐的去除效率。EC工艺的去除效率降至30％；但是，集成工艺的去除效率提高到90％。扫描电子显微镜图像显示，使用超声波可以成功去除电极上的钝化层，从而提高磷酸盐去除效率。但是，超声强度过大将导致钝化层变厚，从而降低去除效率。这表明在EC工艺中氯化物添加和超声处理的结合使用有效地减少了钝化层，从而提高了能量效率，同时降低了阻抗模量并提高了铝离子的浓度。