A novel carbon electrode with high nitrogen content and a hierarchical porous structure has been prepared via a three-step carbonization of a three-dimensional graphene and polyaniline nanoarray composite film. The as-obtained nitrogen-doped electrodes show favorable features for flexible electrochemical energy storage, such as a hierarchical porous structure with interconnected three-dimensional (3D) pores, high flexibility and rich nitrogen-doping (9.71%). With respect to the multiple synergistic effects of these merits, a two-electrode-based supercapacitor has been fabricated. The assembled supercapacitor exhibited a high specific capacitance of 221 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹, and an excellent rate capability with a capacitance retention of 84% when the current density was varied from 3 A g⁻¹ to 50 A g⁻¹, and demonstrated no capacitance reduction even after 20 000 cycles of charging and discharging at 5 A g⁻¹. Moreover, when the electrode was assembled into a flexible device, it exhibited good flexibility with 96% retention of its initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹ when the flexible device was bent to 180°. The strategy in this study represents a facile strategy for constructing well-defined 3D structures with a high nitrogen-doping content, which is promising for constructing a flexible energy storage system.

中文翻译：

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多层多孔N掺杂碳电极，具有出色的倍率性能和循环稳定性，适用于柔性超级电容器†

通过三维石墨烯和聚苯胺纳米阵列复合膜的三步碳化，制备了一种新型的高氮含量的碳电极，该碳电极具有分层的多孔结构。如此获得的氮掺杂电极显示出用于柔性电化学能量存储的有利特征，例如具有互连的三维（3D）孔的分层多孔结构，高柔性和富氮掺杂（9.71％）。关于这些优点的多重协同效应，已经制造了基于两电极的超级电容器。组装的超级电容器在5 mV s ^-1时表现出221 F g ^-1的高比电容，并且当电流密度从3 A g ^-1变为50 A g ^-1时，具有出色的倍率能力和84％的电容保持率，并且即使 在5 A g的充电和放电周期达到20000次后，电容也没有降低^-1。此外，当将电极组装成柔性装置时，当将柔性装置弯曲至180°时， 在5A g ^-1下10000次循环后，其表现出良好的柔性以及96％的初始电容保持率。本研究中的策略代表了一种易于构建的策略，该策略用于构造具有高氮掺杂含量的定义明确的3D结构，这对于构建灵活的能量存储系统很有希望。