Previous study indicated that azoxystrobin had high acute toxicity to zebrafish, and larval zebrafish were more sensitive to azoxystrobin than adult zebrafish. The objective of the present study was to investigate short-term developmental effects and potential mechanisms of azoxystrobin in larval and adult zebrafish. After zebrafish embryos and adults were exposed to 0.01, 0.05 and 0.20 mg/L azoxystrobin (equal to 25, 124 and 496 nM azoxystrobin, respectively) for 8 days, the lethal effect, physiological responses, liver histology, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and expression alteration of genes related to mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and innate immune response were determined. The results showed that there was no significant effect on larval and adult zebrafish after exposure to 0.01 mg/L azoxystrobin. However, increased ROS, MDA concentration and il1b in larval zebrafish, as well as increased il1b, il8 and cxcl-c1c in adult zebrafish were induced after exposure to 0.05 mg/L azoxystrobin. Reduced mitochondrial complex III activity and ATP concentration, increased SOD activity, ROS and MDA concentration, decreased cytb, as well as increased sod1, sod2, cat, il1b, il8 and cxcl-c1c were observed both in larval and adult zebrafish after exposure to 0.20 mg/L azoxystrobin; meanwhile, increased p53, bax, apaf1 and casp9, alteration of liver histology and mitochondrial ultrastructure in larval zebrafish, and alteration of mitochondrial ultrastructure in adult zebrafish were also induced. The results demonstrated that azoxytrobin induced short-term developmental effects on larval zebrafish and adult zebrafish, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and innate immune response. Statistical analysis indicated that azoxystrobin induced more negative effects on larval zebrafish, which might be the reason for the differences of developmental toxicity between larval and adult zebrafish caused by azoxystrobin. These results provided a new insight into potential mechanisms of azoxystrobin in larval zebrafish and adult zebrafish.

先前的研究表明，嘧菌酯对斑马鱼有很高的急性毒性，而幼虫斑马鱼比成年斑马鱼对嘧菌酯更敏感。本研究的目的是调查在幼虫和成年斑马鱼的短期发展影响和嘧菌酯的潜在机制。斑马鱼的胚胎和成虫分别暴露于0.01、0.05和0.20 mg / L的唑菌酯（分别等于25、124和496 nM唑菌酯）8天后，其致死作用，生理反应，肝脏组织学，线粒体超微结构和表达改变确定与线粒体呼吸，氧化应激，细胞凋亡和先天免疫反应有关的基因。结果表明，暴露于0.01 mg / L的嘧菌酯对幼虫和成年斑马鱼没有显着影响。然而，IL1B在斑马鱼幼体，以及增加IL1B，IL8和CXCL-C1C在成年斑马鱼被曝光至0.05mg / L腈嘧菌酯后诱导。暴露于0.20后的幼虫和成年斑马鱼中的线粒体复合物III活性和ATP浓度降低，SOD活性，ROS和MDA浓度升高，cytb降低以及sod1，sod2，cat，il1b，il8和cxcl-c1c升高毫克/公升的氨苄酯; 同时，增加了p53，bax，apaf1和casp9，幼虫斑马鱼的肝脏组织学和线粒体超微结构的改变以及成年斑马鱼的线粒体超微结构的改变也被诱导。结果表明，天青霉素对幼虫斑马鱼和成年斑马鱼诱导了短期发育作用，包括线粒体功能障碍，氧化应激，细胞凋亡和先天免疫反应。统计分析表明，嘧菌酯对幼虫斑马鱼产生更多的负面影响，这可能是由嘧菌酯引起的幼虫和成年斑马鱼发育毒性差异的原因。这些结果为幼虫斑马鱼和成年斑马鱼中嘧菌酯的潜在机制提供了新的见解。