Ionic liquids (ILs) are becoming a trending topic in sample preparation technology, due to their low volatility, low flammability and tunable physiochemical properties. The latter affords the opportunity for creating task-specific solvents. In toxicology, these tailored ILs were not introduced yet; however, they can be significant for drug extraction purposes. This study screens 11 commercially available ILs as potential extraction media for benzodiazepines from blood samples via liquid-liquid microextraction, coupled to liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Structure-extraction relationships were deducted from recovery and matrix effect results (n = 5), allowing us to devise some of the favorable features in a tailored IL for benzodiazepine extraction. Overall, long alkyl chains are to be avoided, as they may sterically hinder desirable π-stacking interactions. For the same reason, aromatic planar cations, as imidazolium and pyridinium, were more effective in comparison with ammonium and pyrrolidinium. Furthermore, viscosity negatively impacted both recoveries and matrix effects. High viscosities limited mass transfer during dispersion and impeded electrospray ionization processes. In conclusion, this study evaluates which physicochemical features an IL should possess to efficiently extract benzodiazepines from whole blood.

离子液体（ILs）由于其低挥发性，低易燃性和可调节的理化特性，正成为样品制备技术中的一个热门话题。后者为创建特定任务的溶剂提供了机会。在毒理学方面，尚未引入这些定制的IL。但是，它们对于药物提取目的可能很重要。这项研究筛选了11种可商购的IL，通过液-液微萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS / MS），从血液样品中提取苯二氮卓类药物作为潜在提取介质。从回收率和基质效应结果（n = 5）中推导出了结构萃取关系，这使我们能够设计出适合苯二氮卓类萃取的特制IL中的一些有利特征。总体而言，应避免使用长烷基链，因为它们可能会在空间上阻碍理想的π堆积相互作用。出于同样的原因，与铵和吡咯烷鎓相比，芳族平面阳离子（如咪唑鎓和吡啶鎓）更有效。此外，粘度对回收率和基质效应均产生负面影响。高粘度限制了分散过程中的传质并阻碍了电喷雾电离过程。总之，本研究评估了IL从全血中有效提取苯并二氮杂类应具备的理化特征。高粘度限制了分散过程中的传质并阻碍了电喷雾电离过程。总之，本研究评估了IL从全血中有效提取苯并二氮杂类应具备的理化特征。高粘度限制了分散过程中的传质并阻碍了电喷雾电离过程。总之，本研究评估了IL从全血中有效提取苯并二氮杂类应具备的理化特征。