The present study was aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of fermented milk containing roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract at different levels (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w/w)). Titratable acidity (TA) and pH, bacteria counts, syneresis value, water-holding capacity (WHC) and their sensory acceptance were evaluated afterwards. The fermented milk containing 0.2% roselle extract (RFM₂) was selected for investigation of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity. Results showed that RFM₂ decreased the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the level of liver glycogen, and increased serum insulin (INS) of diabetic model mice. Moreover, RFM₂ treatment improved the body, spleen, pancreas, liver and kidney weights of diabetic mice to different degrees. After four weeks, TC concentrations in diabetic mice treated by metformin (DM), control fermented milk (CFM) and RFM₂ (RFM) group was decreased by 52.52%, 43.56%, 49.10%, respectively, compare to diabetic control (DC) group, TG concentration was decreased by 52.61%, 26.49%, 33.96%, respectively. LDL-C concentration was decreased by 63.97%, 46.32%, 55.88%, respectively. And the level of HDL-C in DM, CFM, RFM group was increased by 49.12%, 37.72%, 42.11%, respectively. The FFA levels of DM, CFM and RFM group was decreased by 60.05%, 19.94%, 34.08%, respectively, compared to DC group. After diabetic mice fed with metformin, CFM and RFM₂, compared with DC group, the expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver was increased by 50.29%, 16.93%, 41.69%, while the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) was downregulated which decreased by 15.42%, 6.47%, 12.44%, respectively. The expression of AMPK and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) in skeletal muscle was increased in DM, CFM and RFM groups, which was increased by 70.86%, 28.64%, 51.73% and 58.42%, 45.18%, 48.07%, respectively. The expression of peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) in adipose tissue was increased by 5.80%, 12.63%, 28.67%, respectively. In general, roselle extract addition could promote hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fermented milk.

本研究旨在评估不同浓度（0％，0.1％，0.2％和0.3％（w / w））的含玫瑰茄（Hibiscus sabdariffa L.）提取物的发酵乳的理化特性。随后评估可滴定酸度（TA）和pH，细菌数，脱水收缩值，持水量（WHC）及其感官接受度。选择含有0.2％玫瑰茄提取物（RFM ₂）的发酵乳来研究降血糖和降血脂活性。结果显示，RFM ₂降低了糖尿病模型小鼠的空腹血糖（FBG）水平，糖基化血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c），肝糖原水平和血清胰岛素（INS）升高。此外，RFM ₂治疗可不同程度地改善糖尿病小鼠的身体，脾脏，胰腺，肝脏和肾脏的重量。四周后，与糖尿病对照组（DC）相比，二甲双胍（DM），对照发酵乳（CFM）和RFM ₂（RFM）组治疗的糖尿病小鼠的TC浓度分别降低了52.52％，43.56％，49.10％。 TG浓度分别降低52.61％，26.49％，33.96％。LDL-C浓度分别降低了63.97％，46.32％，55.88％。DM，CFM，RFM组HDL-C水平分别升高49.12％，37.72％，42.11％。与DC组相比，DM，CFM和RFM组的FFA水平分别降低了60.05％，19.94％，34.08％。给糖尿病小鼠喂食二甲双胍，CFM和RFM ₂与DC组相比，肝脏中腺苷一磷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）的表达增加了50.29％，16.93％，41.69％，而葡萄糖6-磷酸酶（G6P）的表达下调了，而降低了。分别为15.42％，6.47％和12.44％。DM，CFM和RFM组骨骼肌中AMPK和葡萄糖转运蛋白4（Glut4）的表达增加，分别增加了70.86％，28.64％，51.73％和58.42％，45.18％，48.07％。脂肪组织中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR-γ）的表达分别增加5.80％，12.63％，28.67％。通常，添加玫瑰茄提取物可促进发酵乳的降血糖和降血脂作用。