Carefully designed solid-electrolyte interphases are required for stable, reversible and efficient electrochemical energy storage in batteries. We report that hybrid battery anodes created by depositing an electrochemically active metal (for example, Sn, In or Si) on a reactive alkali metal electrode by a facile ion-exchange chemistry lead to very high exchange currents and stable long-term performance of electrochemical cells based on Li and Na electrodes. By means of direct visualization and ex situ electrodeposition studies, Sn–Li anodes are shown to be stable at 3 mA cm⁻² and 3 mAh cm⁻². Prototype full cells in which the hybrid anodes are paired with high-loading LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂(NCA) cathodes are also reported. As a second demonstration, we create and study Sn–Na hybrid anodes and show that they can be cycled stably for more than 1,700 hours with minimal voltage divergence. Charge storage at the hybrid anodes is reported to involve a combination of alloying and electrodeposition reactions.

需要精心设计的固体电解质中间相，以在电池中稳定，可逆和有效地存储电化学能量。我们报告说，通过简便的离子交换化学方法在反应性碱金属电极上沉积电化学活性金属（例如Sn，In或Si）而形成的混合电池阳极会产生非常高的交换电流和稳定的电化学长期性能基于锂和钠电极的电池。通过直接可视化和非原位电沉积研究，Sn-Li阳极在3 mA cm ^-2和3 mAh cm ^-2下显示稳定。混合阳极与高负载LiNi _0.8 Co _0.15 Al _0.05 O ₂配对的原型全电池（NCA）阴极也有报道。作为第二个演示，我们创建并研究了Sn-Na混合阳极，并显示它们可以稳定地循环超过1,700小时，并且电压差异最小。据报道，在混合阳极处的电荷存储涉及合金化反应和电沉积反应的结合。