DNA has emerged as a promising biomaterial for assembling a variety of nanostructures based on its programmable base pairing. It also has other remarkable properties including stability, prominent biocompatibility, and can easily be modified with functional groups for further applications. In the past few decades, researchers have established various design rules and assembly technologies to improve the stability and complexity of DNA nanostructures. The detection of cancer-associated biomarkers has significant importance in identifying patients with different clinical stages and also in developing adaptive therapeutic strategies. Due to their unique advantages, DNA nanostructures can be designed to serve as universal units to form biosensors for the detection of tumor biomarkers. In this review, we first present a brief introduction of the development of structural DNA nanotechnology. Then we summarize recent strategies for DNA nanostructure-based optical, electrochemical and mass sensitive biosensors in cancer detection. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities these technologies provide.

DNA已成为一种有前途的生物材料，可用于基于其可编程碱基配对的各种纳米结构的组装。它还具有其他出色的性能，包括稳定性，出色的生物相容性，并且可以轻松地通过官能团进行修饰以进一步应用。在过去的几十年中，研究人员建立了各种设计规则和组装技术，以提高DNA纳米结构的稳定性和复杂性。癌症相关生物标志物的检测在鉴定具有不同临床阶段的患者以及制定适应性治疗策略中具有重要意义。由于其独特的优势，可以将DNA纳米结构设计为通用单元，以形成用于检测肿瘤生物标记物的生物传感器。在这篇评论中，我们首先简要介绍结构DNA纳米技术的发展。然后，我们总结了基于DNA纳米结构的光学，电化学和质量敏感生物传感器在癌症检测中的最新策略。最后，我们讨论了这些技术提供的挑战和机遇。