Ketones are major oxygen-containing compounds in low-temperature coal tars (LTCTs); however, the molecular composition of these compounds is not well characterized as a result of the complexity of itself and the interference of the coal tar matrix. In this study, ketones were separated from a LTCT and characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Isolation of ketones was carried out by a chemical derivatization process with Girard T reagent and followed by a hydrolysis process of the derivatives. The Girard T reagent reacted with ketones under weakly acidic conditions and introduced a charged quaternary ammonium moiety on carbonyl to form water-soluble hydrazones, which can be separated from a complex matrix through an extrography separation and have a strong response in a positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) source for mass spectrometric analysis. The isolated derivatives were reversibly turned into the original ketones to selectively separate long alkyl ketones from aromatic ketones with alkyl substituents of C₀–C₄. The ketones were assigned to 12 class species by high-resolution MS analysis: O_1–5 (refers that there are 1–5 oxygen atoms in the molecules), O₁S₁, N₁O_1–4, and N₂O_1–2, among which the O₁ class species was the most abundant. The long-chain alkyl ketones, such as aliphatic 2-, 3-, and 4-ketones, alkylcyclopentanones, alkyl phenyl ketones, and aromatic ketones (such as indanone, cyclopentenone, tetralone, acetonaphthone, dihydrophenanthrenone, benzophenone, fluorenone, fluorenyl formaldehyde, anthrone, anthracene formaldehyde, acetylanthracene, acetylphenanthrene, acetylfluorene, benzofluorenone, etc.), were detected by GC–MS. In addition, C₁₈-isoprenoid methyl ketone and tricyclic terpenoids and steroids with one or two oxygen atoms were found in the coal tar.

中文翻译：

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低温煤焦油中酮的分离与分子表征

酮是低温煤焦油（LTCT）中的主要含氧化合物；然而，由于其本身的复杂性和煤焦油基质的干扰，这些化合物的分子组成不能很好地表征。在这项研究中，将酮与LTCT分离，并通过傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS），Orbitrap质谱（Orbitrap MS）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）进行表征。酮的分离是通过使用吉拉德（Girard）T试剂的化学衍生过程进行的，然后是衍生物的水解过程。吉拉德（Girard）T试剂在弱酸性条件下与酮反应，并在羰基上引入了带电荷的季铵部分，形成了水溶性 可以通过萃取分离从复杂的基质中分离出来，并且在用于质谱分析的阳离子电喷雾电离（ESI）源中具有很强的响应。分离出的衍生物可逆地变成原始酮，以选择性地将长烷基酮与带有C烷基取代基的芳族酮分离。₀ –C ₄。通过高分辨率MS分析，将酮归为12类物质：O _1–5（指分子中有1-5个氧原子），O ₁ S ₁，N ₁ O _1–4和N ₂ O _1–2，其中O ₁种类最多。长链烷基酮，例如脂族2、3-和4-酮，烷基环戊酮，烷基苯基酮和芳族酮（例如茚满酮，环戊烯酮，四氢萘酮，对乙酰苯酮，二氢菲蒽酮，二苯甲酮，芴酮，芴基甲醛，气相色谱-质谱法检测到蒽酮，蒽甲醛，乙酰蒽，乙酰菲，乙酰芴，苯并芴酮等。另外，在煤焦油中发现了C _18-异戊二烯基甲基酮和具有一个或两个氧原子的三环萜类化合物和类固醇。