The use of sewage sludge (SS) and solid waste composts in agriculture is considered as one of the best disposal options. In this study, impact of different composts and SS was evaluated on the soil quality, growth, and yield performance of rice and wheat crops. Four types of composts and SS were collected from different sources and applied in soil at 0.5% (5 g kg⁻¹ soil) and 1.0% (10 g kg⁻¹ soil) in comparison with chemical fertilizer (no SS/compost). The application of all types of composts at all the tested rates increased the straw and grain yields of both the crops compared with control. Nevertheless, application of Lahore compost and all SS (1.0%) resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in plant parts. The Cd concentration in rice grains with Lahore compost and Kasur SS applied at the rate of 1.0% was above the safe limit. The trace elements in wheat grains with all composts and SS at all the tested rates remained within safe limits. The release of amendment bound trace elements in soil solution was highly dependent upon dissolved organic carbon and concentration of these trace elements especially for Cu and Zn. Application of SS at low level (0.5%) and compost (except Lahore compost) at both levels could be a better strategy to exploit their benefits in terms of crop performance and soil quality. However, application of SS and compost at high rates may lead to accumulation of trace elements in rice grains limiting its suitability for human consumption.

中文翻译：

---

不同污泥和堆肥对水稻和小麦生长，产量和微量元素积累的影响

在农业中使用污水污泥（SS）和固体废物堆肥被认为是最好的处置选择之一。在这项研究中，评估了不同堆肥和SS对水稻和小麦作物的土壤质量，生长和产量表现的影响。从不同来源收集了四种堆肥和SS，分别以0.5％（5 g kg ^-1土壤）和1.0％（10 g kg ^-1土壤）施用到土壤中土壤）与化学肥料（无SS /堆肥）相比。与对照相比，以所有测试速率施用所有类型的堆肥均可提高两种作物的秸秆和谷物产量。尽管如此，使用拉合尔堆肥和所有SS（1.0％）导致植物部位镉（Cd），铜（Cu），铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）的浓度显着增加。使用Lahore堆肥和Kasur SS的水稻籽粒中Cd的浓度为1.0％，高于安全限值。在所有测试速率下，所有堆肥和SS中小麦籽粒中的微量元素均保持在安全范围内。改良剂结合的痕量元素在土壤溶液中的释放高度依赖于溶解的有机碳和这些痕量元素的浓度，尤其是对于铜和锌。低水平应用SS（0。5％）和堆肥（拉合尔堆肥除外）这两个水平可能是更好的策略，可充分利用它们在作物生长性能和土壤质量方面的优势。但是，大量施用SS和堆肥可能会导致水稻籽粒中微量元素的积累，从而限制了其对人类食用的适用性。