Batteries are dynamic devices composed of multiple components that operate far from equilibrium and may operate under extreme stress and varying loads. Studies of isolated battery components are valuable to the fundamental understanding of the physical processes occurring within each constituent element. When the components are integrated into a full device and operated under realistic conditions, it can be difficult to decouple the physical processes that occur across multiple interfaces and multiple length scales. Thus, the physical processes studied in isolated components may change in a full battery setup or may be irrelevant to performance. Simulation studies on many length scales play a key role in the analysis of experiments and in the elucidation of the relevant physical processes impacting performance.

中文翻译：

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从原子到中尺度的平衡和速率现象：磁铁矿的模拟研究

电池是动态设备，由多个组成部分组成，这些组件的工作状态远非均衡，并且可能在极高的压力和变化的负载下工作。对隔离的电池组件的研究对于基本了解每个组成元素中发生的物理过程很有价值。当将这些组件集成到完整的设备中并在实际条件下运行时，可能很难解耦跨多个接口和多个长度范围发生的物理过程。因此，在隔离的组件中研究的物理过程可能会在整个电池设置中发生变化，或者可能与性能无关。在许多长度尺度上的模拟研究在实验分析和阐明影响性能的相关物理过程中起着关键作用。