Wearable electronics experienced a blooming prosperity in the past decade due to their trend of miniaturization and smart functions integration, and the appealing intrinsic physical properties, such as flexibility, stretchability, and conformability. Although wearable electronics play an important role in modern society, either as sensing devices for information collection or as mobile terminates for data exchange, further wider applications essentially require overcoming the restriction of traditional rigid, unsustainable power sources, thereby promoting the favorable properties of stability, high-output, maintenance-free, flexibility and also stretchability for the most sophisticated wearable electronics. Moreover, an attractive future vision of the development of wearable electronics is to integrate discrete components, including but not limited to sensors, actuators, integrated circuits and power sources, in order to realize self-powered flexible microsystems. Quantitative comparison and qualitative analysis prove that emerging triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represents a powerful and promising approach to address the challenges above. TENGs, which scavenge the mechanical energy from ambient environment based on the combination of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, have been demonstrated to be a robust power source for a diverse set of applications. Furthermore, a new concept of self-powered system exploits the electricity generated by TENG to directly provide the power supply to other functional parts of the system. An additional option of self-powered system involves utilizing the quantitative relation between electrical signals and environmental changes to realize active sensors. Here, this paper reviews the feasibility of “all-in-one” self-powered flexible microsystems by introducing the technology of TENG around the following major categories: working principles, advanced materials, TENG-based active sensors, TENG-powered actuators, and integrated microsystems.

在过去的十年中，可穿戴电子产品因其小型化和智能功能集成的趋势以及引人注目的固有物理特性（如柔韧性，可伸缩性和顺应性）而经历了繁荣的繁荣。尽管可穿戴电子设备在现代社会中起着重要的作用，无论是作为信息收集的传感设备还是作为数据交换的移动终端，但更广泛的应用本质上都需要克服传统的刚性，不可持续的电源的局限性，从而促进稳定性的有利特性，高输出，免维护，灵活性以及可拉伸性，适用于最复杂的可穿戴电子设备。此外，可穿戴电子设备发展的诱人未来愿景是集成分立组件，包括但不限于传感器，执行器，集成电路和电源，以实现自供电的柔性微系统。定量比较和定性分析证明，新兴的摩擦电纳米发电机（TENGs）是解决上述挑战的有力且有前途的方法。TENGs是基于接触带电和静电感应的组合从周围环境中清除机械能的，已被证明是用于各种应用的强大动力源。此外，自供电系统的新概念利用了TENG产生的电力直接为系统的其他功能部件提供电源。自供电系统的另一个选项涉及利用电信号和环境变化之间的定量关系来实现有源传感器。在这里，本文通过围绕以下主要类别介绍TENG的技术来回顾“多合一”自供电柔性微系统的可行性：工作原理，先进材料，基于TENG的有源传感器，由TENG供电的执行器以及集成微系统。