OBJECTIVE We examined the proportion of American adults without type 2 diabetes that engages in lifestyle behaviors known to reduce type 2 diabetes risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3,679 nonpregnant, nonlactating individuals aged ≥20 years without diabetes (self-reported diagnosis or glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% [8 mmol/mol] or fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL) and who provided 2 days of reliable dietary data in the 2007–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). We used the average of 2 days of dietary recall and self-reported leisure-time physical activity to assess whether participants met type 2 diabetes risk reduction goals (meeting four or more MyPlate recommendations [adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy, grains, meat, beans, and eggs]; not exceeding three maximum allowances for alcoholic beverages, added sugars, fat, and cholesterol; and meeting physical activity recommendations [≥150 min/week]).

RESULTS Approximately 21%, 29%, and 13% of individuals met fruit, vegetable, and dairy goals, respectively. Half (51.6%) met the goal for total grains, compared with 18% for whole grains, and 54.2% met the meat/beans goal and 40.6% met the oils goal. About one-third (37.8%) met the physical activity goal, and 58.6% met the weight loss/maintenance goal. Overall, 3.1% (95% CI 2.4–4.0) of individuals met the majority of type 2 diabetes risk reduction goals. Younger age and lower educational attainment were associated with lower probability of meeting goals.

CONCLUSIONS A small proportion of U.S. adults engages in risk reduction behaviors. Research and interventions targeted at young and less-educated segments of the population may help close gaps in risk reduction behaviors.

目的我们检查了没有发生2型糖尿病的美国成年人的生活方式，这种生活方式已知会降低2型糖尿病的风险。

研究设计与方法我们对3,679名年龄≥20岁，无糖尿病的非妊娠，非泌乳个体进行了横断面分析（自我报告的诊断或糖化血红蛋白≥6.5％[8 mmol / mol]或空腹血糖≥126mg / dL），并提供了2 2007-2012年全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中可靠的饮食数据的有效天数。我们使用平均2天的饮食召回和自我报告的休闲时间体育锻炼来评估参与者是否达到降低2型糖尿病风险的目标（满足四个或更多MyPlate建议[水果，蔬菜，奶制品，谷物，肉类的充足摄入量，豆类和鸡蛋]；酒精饮料，添加的糖，脂肪和胆固醇的最大限量不超过三个；并达到建议的体育锻炼[≥150分钟/周]。

结果分别有约21％，29％和13％的人达到了水果，蔬菜和乳制品的目标。一半（51.6％）达到了总谷物的目标，而全谷类达到了18％，54.2％达到了肉/豆目标，而40.6％达到了油目标。大约三分之一（37.8％）达到了体育锻炼的目标，而58.6％达到了减肥/维护的目标。总体而言，有3.1％（95％CI 2.4-4.0）的个人达到了降低2型糖尿病风险的大多数目标。年龄越小和受教育程度越低，实现目标的可能性就越低。

结论有一小部分美国成年人从事降低风险的行为。针对年轻人和文化程度较低人群的研究和干预措施可能有助于缩小降低风险行为的差距。