Age-related disorders impose noticeable financial and emotional burdens on society. This impact is becoming more prevalent with the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and is causing critical concerns for treatment of patients worldwide. Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and motor neuron disease are the most prevalent and the most expensive to treat neurodegenerative diseases globally. Therefore, exploring effective therapies to overcome these disorders is a necessity. Natural products and their derivatives have increasingly attracted attention in drug discovery programs that have identified microorganisms which produce a large range of metabolites with bioactive properties. Myxobacteria, a group of Gram-negative bacteria with large genome size, produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with significant chemical structures and a variety of biological effects. They are potent natural product producers. In this review paper, we attempt to overview some secondary metabolites synthesized by myxobacteria with neuroprotective activity through known mechanisms including production of polyunsaturated fatty acids, reduction of apoptosis, immunomodulation, stress reduction of endoplasmic reticulum, stabilization of microtubules, enzyme inhibition and serotonin receptor modulation.

与年龄有关的疾病给社会带来了明显的财务和情感负担。随着神经退行性疾病发病率的增加，这种影响变得越来越普遍，并引起了全世界患者治疗的关键问题。帕金森氏病，阿尔茨海默氏病，多发性硬化症和运动神经元病是全球治疗神经退行性疾病最普遍，最昂贵的疾病。因此，探索克服这些疾病的有效疗法是必要的。天然产物及其衍生物已在药物发现计划中引起越来越多的关注，该计划已经鉴定出可产生具有生物活性特性的大量代谢产物的微生物。黏细菌，一组基因组较大的革兰氏阴性细菌，产生具有重要化学结构和多种生物学效应的多种次级代谢产物。他们是有效的天然产物生产者。在这篇综述文章中，我们试图概述由粘杆菌合成的具有神经保护活性的次级代谢产物，这些代谢产物具有已知的机制，包括多不饱和脂肪酸的产生，细胞凋亡的减少，免疫调节，内质网应力的降低，微管的稳定，酶的抑制和血清素受体的调节。