A “molecular cage” was possibly built in glucose alkaline solution to limit the chemical reaction in a tiny space to control the size and morphology of HA nanoparticles. A possible reaction mechanism of HA nanoparticles confined space synthesis was proposed in this work. The super-small HA nanoparticles were successfully obtained in the first time in mild and green condition which had a 7 nm diameter. The adsorptions to Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺ ions in their mixture solution by the synthesized HA nanoparticles were studied. The adsorbent showed huge adsorption capacities for the targets (Pb²⁺=3289 mg/g, Zn²⁺=3150 mg/g, Ni²⁺=3061 mg/g and Cd²⁺=2784 mg/g), which indicated an excellent performance of the synthesized nano material in water treatment. Freundlich equation analysis and SEM images of the adsorption products suggested multilayer adsorptions to the targets, and a new recrystalline type adsorption on the surface of the host was found. Some Ca atoms in HA nanoparticles were also found to be substituted by the heavy metallic elements in the initial stage of the adsorptions. The synthesized nano material exhibits better application prospect in wastewater treatment field for its easy synthesis, low-cost and environmental friendly properties.

可能在葡萄糖碱性溶液中建立了一个“分子笼”，以将化学反应限制在很小的空间中，从而控制HA纳米颗粒的尺寸和形态。这项工作提出了HA纳米粒子有限空间合成的可能反应机理。超小型HA纳米颗粒是在温和绿色条件下首次成功获得的，直径为7 nm。研究了合成的HA纳米粒子在混合溶液中对Pb 2 ⁺，Zn 2 ⁺，Ni 2 ⁺，Cd ²⁺离子的吸附。吸附剂显示出对目标的巨大吸附能力（Pb ²⁺ = 3289 mg / g，Zn ²⁺ = 3150 mg / g，Ni ²⁺ = 3061 mg / g和Cd ²⁺＝ 2784mg / g），表明合成的纳米材料在水处理中具有优异的性能。吸附产物的Freundlich方程分析和SEM图像表明对目标物具有多层吸附，并且在主体表面发现了新的重结晶型吸附。在吸附的初始阶段，还发现HA纳米颗粒中的一些Ca原子被重金属元素取代。合成的纳米材料具有易于合成，成本低廉，环保等特点，在废水处理领域具有较好的应用前景。