Recent advances in minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have pushed the boundaries of well-established resection techniques for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Endoscopic full thickness resection techniques are a key development in the management of challenging epithelial and subepithelial lesions that are not amenable to conventional endoscopic resection methods and previously required a surgical approach. Endoscopic full thickness biopsy represents a paradigm shift in tissue acquisition and will enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology, and guide therapy, of gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases, as well as other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. This review highlights current tools and techniques available for endoscopic full thickness resection and biopsy, as well as outcomes from such interventions.

微创内窥镜治疗方法的最新进展已经突破了用于治疗和诊断应用的成熟切除技术的界限。内窥镜全厚度切除术是处理挑战性上皮和上皮下病变的关键发展，这些挑战不适合常规内窥镜切除方法，以前需要手术方法。内窥镜全厚度活检代表组织获取的范例转变，将增进我们对胃肠道神经肌肉疾病以及其他炎性和赘生性疾病的病理生理学和指导治疗的了解。这篇综述重点介绍了可用于内窥镜全厚度切除和活检的当前工具和技术，以及此类干预的结果。