Abstract Although graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used in a variety of research fields, the potential for GO implementation remains controversial. Researchers commonly define GO as a 2D carbon nanomaterial with oxygen functionalities, but this definition is too loose and leads the community to compare results among significantly different nanomaterials. In order to overcome this challenge, here we suggest high-throughput post-processing GO characterization techniques to rapidly and thoroughly define GO chemo-morphological properties. Then, based on characterization analysis and a clustering algorithm, we classified GO into six categories. The classification method was validated with GO samples obtained from different producers. The commercial samples were individually implemented to fabricate various macroscopic devices (e.g., membranes) and we observed that GO classified in the same category offered similar macroscopic performance. In contrast, samples from different categories resulted in a noticeable variation in macroscopic results, corroborating the importance of using standardized materials. The presented characterization and classification method will assist the research community by enabling a fair comparison between studies. Moreover, it will assist GO producers to target customers in a more-effective manner by distributing GO with optimal properties for a specific application, supporting the leap of GO from lab to industry.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯标准化和分类：支持从实验室到工业跨越的方法

摘要 尽管氧化石墨烯 (GO) 已广泛应用于各种研究领域，但其实施的潜力仍然存在争议。研究人员通常将 GO 定义为具有氧功能的 2D 碳纳米材料，但这种定义过于宽松，导致社区在显着不同的纳米材料之间比较结果。为了克服这一挑战，我们建议采用高通量后处理 GO 表征技术来快速彻底地定义 GO 化学形态学特性。然后，基于特征分析和聚类算法，我们将 GO 分为六类。使用从不同生产商获得的 GO 样品验证了分类方法。单独实施商业样品以制造各种宏观器件（例如，膜），我们观察到归入同一类别的 GO 提供了相似的宏观性能。相比之下，来自不同类别的样品导致宏观结果的显着变化，证实了使用标准化材料的重要性。所提出的表征和分类方法将通过实现研究之间的公平比较来帮助研究界。此外，它将通过为特定应用分发具有最佳特性的 GO，帮助 GO 生产商以更有效的方式瞄准客户，支持 GO 从实验室到工业的跨越。证实了使用标准化材料的重要性。所提出的表征和分类方法将通过实现研究之间的公平比较来帮助研究界。此外，它将通过为特定应用分发具有最佳特性的 GO，帮助 GO 生产商以更有效的方式瞄准客户，支持 GO 从实验室到工业的跨越。证实了使用标准化材料的重要性。所提出的表征和分类方法将通过实现研究之间的公平比较来帮助研究界。此外，它将通过为特定应用分发具有最佳特性的 GO，帮助 GO 生产商以更有效的方式瞄准客户，支持 GO 从实验室到工业的跨越。