Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of risk factors that includes central obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis and hypertension. Individuals with MetS have elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; thus placing significant burdens on social and healthcare systems. Lifestyle interventions (comprised of diet, exercise or a combination of both) are routinely recommended as the first line of treatment for MetS. Only a proportion of people respond, and it has been assumed that psychological and social aspects primarily account for these differences. However, the etiology of MetS is multifactorial and stems, in part, on a person's genetic make-up. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the various components of MetS, and several of these SNPs have been shown to modify a person's response to lifestyle interventions. Consequently, genetic variants can influence the extent to which a person responds to changes in diet and/or exercise. The goal of this review is to highlight SNPs reported to influence the magnitude of change in body weight, dyslipidemia, glucose homeostasis and blood pressure during lifestyle interventions aimed at improving MetS components. Knowledge regarding these genetic variants and their ability to modulate a person's response will provide additional context for improving the effectiveness of personalized lifestyle interventions that aim to reduce the risks associated with MetS.

中文翻译：

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生活方式基因组学和代谢综合征：影响饮食和运动干预反应的遗传变异的综述

代谢综合症（MetS）包括一系列风险因素，包括中枢型肥胖，血脂异常，葡萄糖体内稳态受损和高血压。患有MetS的人罹患2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险较高；因此给社会和医疗系统带来了沉重的负担。通常建议生活方式干预（包括饮食，运动或两者结合）作为MetS的第一线治疗方法。只有一小部分人做出回应，并且假定心理和社会方面是造成这些差异的主要原因。但是，MetS的病因是多因素的，部分取决于一个人的基因组成。许多单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与MetS的各个组成部分有关，并且其中一些SNP已显示出可以改变一个人对生活方式干预的反应。因此，遗传变异会影响人对饮食和/或运动变化的反应程度。这篇综述的目的是强调在改善MetS成分的生活方式干预措施中，据报道会影响体重，血脂异常，葡萄糖稳态和血压变化幅度的SNP。有关这些遗传变异及其调节人的反应能力的知识将为提高个性化生活方式干预措施的有效性提供额外的背景，这些措施旨在降低与MetS相关的风险。基因变异会影响一个人对饮食和/或运动变化的反应程度。这篇综述的目的是强调在改善MetS成分的生活方式干预措施中，据报道会影响体重，血脂异常，葡萄糖稳态和血压变化幅度的SNP。有关这些遗传变异及其调节人的反应能力的知识将为提高个性化生活方式干预措施的有效性提供额外的背景，这些措施旨在降低与MetS相关的风险。基因变异会影响一个人对饮食和/或运动变化的反应程度。这篇综述的目的是强调在改善MetS成分的生活方式干预措施中，据报道会影响体重，血脂异常，葡萄糖稳态和血压变化幅度的SNP。有关这些遗传变异及其调节人的反应能力的知识将为提高个性化生活方式干预措施的有效性提供额外的背景，这些措施旨在降低与MetS相关的风险。