Ocean‐Waves‐Atmosphere (OWA) exchanges are not well represented in current Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems, which can lead to large uncertainties in tropical cyclone track and intensity forecasts. In order to explore and better understand the impact of OWA interactions on tropical cyclone modeling, a fully coupled OWA system based on the atmospheric model Meso‐NH, the oceanic model CROCO, and the wave model WW3 and called MSWC was designed and applied to the case of tropical cyclone Bejisa (2013–2014). The fully coupled OWA simulation shows good agreement with the literature and available observations. In particular, simulated significant wave height is within 30 cm of measurements made with buoys and altimeters. Short‐term (< 2 days) sensitivity experiments used to highlight the effect of oceanic waves coupling show limited impact on the track, the intensity evolution, and the turbulent surface fluxes of the tropical cyclone. However, it is also shown that using a fully coupled OWA system is essential to obtain consistent sea salt emissions. Spatial and temporal coherence of the sea state with the 10 m wind speed are necessary to produce sea salt aerosol emissions in the right place (in the eyewall of the tropical cyclone) and with the right size distribution, which is critical for cloud microphysics.

中文翻译：

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专为热带风暴研究设计的新的海-波-大气耦合模型：印度西南印度洋的热带气旋贝吉萨（2013-2014）示例

当前的数值天气预报（NWP）系统无法很好地代表海洋-波涛大气（OWA）交换，这可能导致热带气旋径迹和强度预报存在很大不确定性。为了探索和更好地了解OWA相互作用对热带气旋建模的影响，设计了基于大气模型Meso-NH，海洋模型CROCO和波浪模型WW3的全耦合OWA系统，并将其称为MSWC，并将其应用到热带气旋中。热带气旋贝吉萨（2013-2014）。完全耦合的OWA模拟与文献和可用的观察结果显示出良好的一致性。特别是，模拟的有效波高在使用浮标和高度计进行的测量的30厘米内。短期（< 2天）用于强调海浪耦合效应的敏感性实验显示，对热带气旋的航迹，强度演变和湍流表面通量的影响有限。但是，还表明，使用完全耦合的OWA系统对于获得稳定的海盐排放至关重要。为了在正确的位置（在热带气旋的眼墙内）并以正确的尺寸分布产生海盐气溶胶排放物，必须以10 m的风速保持海态的时空一致性，这对于云微物理学至关重要。