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The mechanism of eukaryotic CMG helicase activation
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-28 , DOI: 10.1038/nature25787
Max E Douglas 1 , Ferdos Abid Ali 2 , Alessandro Costa 2 , John F X Diffley 1
Affiliation  

The initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication occurs in two discrete stages: first, the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex assembles as a head-to-head double hexamer that encircles duplex replication origin DNA during G1 phase; then, ‘firing factors’ convert each double hexamer into two active Cdc45–MCM–GINS helicases (CMG) during S phase. This second stage requires separation of the two origin DNA strands and remodelling of the double hexamer so that each MCM hexamer encircles a single DNA strand. Here we show that the MCM complex, which hydrolyses ATP during double-hexamer formation, remains stably bound to ADP in the double hexamer. Firing factors trigger ADP release, and subsequent ATP binding promotes stable CMG assembly. CMG assembly is accompanied by initial DNA untwisting and separation of the double hexamer into two discrete but inactive CMG helicases. Mcm10, together with ATP hydrolysis, then triggers further DNA untwisting and helicase activation. After activation, the two CMG helicases translocate in an ‘N terminus-first’ direction, and in doing so pass each other within the origin; this requires that each helicase is bound entirely to single-stranded DNA. Our experiments elucidate the mechanism of eukaryotic replicative helicase activation, which we propose provides a fail-safe mechanism for bidirectional replisome establishment.

中文翻译:


真核CMG解旋酶激活机制



真核 DNA 复制的起始发生在两个独立的阶段:首先,微型染色体维持 (MCM) 复合物组装为头对头的双六聚体,在 G1 期包围双链复制起点 DNA;然后,“激发因子”在 S 期将每个双六聚体转化为两个活性 Cdc45-MCM-GINS 解旋酶 (CMG)。第二阶段需要分离两条原始 DNA 链并重塑双六聚体,以便每个 MCM 六聚体环绕一条 DNA 链。在这里,我们表明,在双六聚体形成过程中水解 ATP 的 MCM 复合物仍然与双六聚体中的 ADP 稳定结合。激发因子触发 ADP 释放,随后 ATP 结合促进稳定的 CMG 组装。 CMG 组装伴随着最初的 DNA 解旋和双六聚体分离成两个离散但无活性的 CMG 解旋酶。 Mcm10 与 ATP 水解一起触发进一步的 DNA 解旋和解旋酶激活。激活后,两个 CMG 解旋酶沿“N 末端优先”方向易位,并在原点内相互传递;这要求每个解旋酶完全与单链 DNA 结合。我们的实验阐明了真核复制解旋酶激活的机制,我们认为这为双向复制体的建立提供了一种故障安全机制。
更新日期:2018-02-28
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