Abstract Ditto et al. (2006) reported that consumers who are exposed to external hunger cues (i.e., scent of freshly baked cookies) are less sensitive to risk information. That is, consumers exposed to hunger cues are as likely to take risks in situations with a high versus low probability of losing. Yet, this result is often cited as evidence that hunger increases risk-taking. This may be due to the fact that Ditto et al. (2006) observed that hunger cues increased risk-taking in situations with a high chance of losing. We attempted to replicate this specific contrast in two studies. In the first study, the risk measure was in the food domain (like in Ditto et al., 2006) and in the second study it was in the financial domain. Yet, we failed to observe a main effect of exposure to external food cues on risk-taking. In addition, as it is an untested assumption in the literature that external (cookie scent) versus internal (not eating for several hours) hunger cues can be used interchangeably, we also checked for a potential moderation by type of hunger cue. We did not observe such a moderation when the risk task involved food outcomes, but we detect such an effect when it involved financial outcomes. These results suggest that the widely held assumptions that (1) hunger or exposure to hunger cues induce risk taking and that (2) internal and external hunger cues are exchangeable should be revisited.

中文翻译：

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风险偏好？未能复制饥饿线索对冒险行为的影响。

摘要同上等。(2006) 报告称，暴露于外部饥饿线索（即新鲜出炉饼干的气味）的消费者对风险信息不太敏感。也就是说，暴露于饥饿线索的消费者在损失概率高与低的情况下冒险的可能性是一样的。然而，这一结果经常被引用为饥饿会增加冒险的证据。这可能是由于 Ditto 等人的事实。（2006 年）观察到，饥饿提示会增加在失败可能性高的情况下的冒险行为。我们试图在两项研究中复制这种特定的对比。在第一个研究中，风险度量在食品领域（如 Ditto 等人，2006 年），在第二个研究中，它在金融领域。然而，我们未能观察到暴露于外部食物线索对冒险行为的主要影响。此外，由于外部（饼干气味）与内部（几个小时不吃东西）饥饿提示可以互换使用，这是文献中未经检验的假设，因此我们还检查了饥饿提示类型的潜在调节作用。当风险任务涉及食物结果时，我们没有观察到这种缓和，但当它涉及财务结果时，我们发现了这种影响。这些结果表明，应该重新审视广泛持有的假设：(1) 饥饿或暴露于饥饿线索会导致冒险，(2) 内部和外部饥饿线索是可以交换的。当风险任务涉及食物结果时，我们没有观察到这种缓和，但当它涉及财务结果时，我们发现了这种影响。这些结果表明，应该重新审视广泛持有的假设：(1) 饥饿或暴露于饥饿线索会导致冒险，(2) 内部和外部饥饿线索是可以交换的。当风险任务涉及食物结果时，我们没有观察到这种缓和，但当它涉及财务结果时，我们发现了这种影响。这些结果表明，应该重新审视广泛持有的假设：(1) 饥饿或暴露于饥饿线索会导致冒险，(2) 内部和外部饥饿线索是可以交换的。