A barrier membrane is a major component of guided bone regeneration (GBR), which is traditionally viewed as a physical barrier. Due to its “foreign body” nature, the implantation of a barrier membrane would inevitably modulate immune response and subsequently affect bone dynamics, which has long been neglected. To bridge this knowledge gap, we investigated the osteoimmunomodulatory effects of barrier collagen membranes. It is found that barrier collagen membranes elicit significant effects on modulating the osteoimmune response of macrophages, by upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18) and osteogenic factors (BMP2/6, WNT10b, OSM). The modulated-osteoimmune environment was beneficial for the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, due to the activation of BMP, canonical WNT/β-catenin, and OSM signalling pathways. The membrane-mediated osteoimmunomodulation was further modulated to show whether osteogenesis could be enhanced via manipulating the membrane-mediated osteoimmunomodulation. The membrane-mediated osteoimmune response was successfully tuned through coating the collagen membranes with nanometer-sized bioactive glass Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ by pulsed laser deposition, which is indicated from the change in the expression profile of inflammatory cytokines and the upregulated expression of osteogenic factors. The modulated osteoimmune environment enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, suggesting that collagen membranes with nanometer-sized Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ coating can be promising for GBR applications. These results collectively imply that barrier membranes are bioactive barriers with an osteoimmunomodulatory effect and not just physical barriers. New generation barrier membranes should be designed with a favourable osteoimmunomodulatory property.

中文翻译：

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屏障胶原蛋白膜的骨免疫调节特性及其通过涂覆纳米级生物活性玻璃来改善引导骨再生的作用†

屏障膜是引导骨再生（GBR）的主要组成部分，传统上将其视为物理屏障。由于其“异物”性质，屏障膜的植入将不可避免地调节免疫反应并随后影响骨骼动力学，而骨骼动力学早已被人们忽略。为了弥合这一知识鸿沟，我们研究了屏障胶原膜的骨免疫调节作用。发现屏障胶原蛋白膜通过上调促炎性细胞因子（TNFα，IL-1β，IL-6和IL-18）和成骨因子（BMP2 / 6）的表达，对调节巨噬细胞的骨免疫反应具有重要作用。 ，WNT10b，OSM）。由于BMP，经典WNT /β-catenin的激活，调节的骨免疫环境有利于BMSC的成骨分化。和OSM信号通路。进一步调节膜介导的骨免疫调节作用，以显示是否可以增强成骨作用通过操纵膜介导的骨免疫调节。通过用脉冲激光沉积法在胶原蛋白膜上覆盖纳米尺寸的生物活性玻璃Ca ₂ ZnSi ₂ O ₇，成功地调节了膜介导的骨免疫反应，这从炎症细胞因子表达谱的变化和成骨细胞表达的上调可以看出因素。调节的骨免疫环境增强了骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化，表明胶原膜具有纳米大小的Ca ₂ ZnSi ₂ O _7。涂层对于GBR应用可能很有希望。这些结果共同暗示屏障膜是具有骨免疫调节作用的生物活性屏障，而不仅仅是物理屏障。新一代屏障膜应设计成具有良好的骨免疫调节特性。